- Open Access
Superstable geometry in triadic percolation
Phys. Rev. E 113, 024306 – Published 12 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b29t-62kv
Abstract
Triadic percolation turns bond percolation into a dynamical problem governed by an effective one-dimensional unimodal map. We show that the geometry of superstable cycles provides a direct, map-agnostic probe of local nonlinearity: specifically, the distance from the map's maximum to a distinguished next-to-maximum point on the attracting cycle (which coincides with a preimage of the maximum at superstability) scales as , with , where is the nonflat order of the maximum. This prediction is verified across canonical unimodal families and heterogeneous triadic ensembles, with Lyapunov spectra corroborating the one-dimensional reduction. A derivative condition on the activation kernel fixes the local nonlinearity order (and thus, under standard unimodal-map hypotheses, the associated -logistic universality class) and gives conditions under which can be realized. The diagnostic operates directly on orbit data under standard regularity assumptions, providing a practical tool to classify universality in higher-order networks.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (27)
- D. Stauffer and A. Aharony, Introduction to Percolation Theory, 2nd ed. (Taylor & Francis, London, 1994).
- A. A. Saberi, Phys. Rep. 578, 1 (2015).
- M. E. J. Newman, S. H. Strogatz, and D. J. Watts, Phys. Rev. E 64, 026118 (2001).
- H. Sun, F. Radicchi, J. Kurths, and G. Bianconi, Nat. Commun. 14, 1308 (2023).
- A. P. Millán, H. Sun, J. J. Torres, and G. Bianconi, PNAS Nexus 3, pgae270 (2024).
- H. Sun and G. Bianconi, Phys. Rev. E 110, 064315 (2024).
- H. Sun, F. Radicchi, and G. Bianconi, Phys. Rev. E 113, 014313 (2026).
- F. Battiston, G. Cencetti, I. Iacopini, V. Latora, M. Lucas, A. Patania, J.-G. Young, and G. Petri, Phys. Rep. 874, 1 (2020).
- F. Battiston, E. Amico, A. Barrat, G. Bianconi, G. Ferraz de Arruda, B. Franceschiello, I. Iacopini, S. Kéfi, V. Latora, Y. Moreno, M. M. Murray, T. P. Peixoto, F. Vaccarino, and G. Petri, Nat. Phys. 17, 1093 (2021).
- S. Boccaletti, P. De Lellis, C. I. del Genio, K. Alfaro-Bittner, R. Criado, S. Jalan, and M. Romance, Phys. Rep. 1018, 1 (2023).
- E. Bairey, E. D. Kelsic, and R. Kishony, Nat. Commun. 7, 12285 (2016).
- J. Grilli, G. Barabás, M. J. Michalska-Smith, and S. Allesina, Nature (London) 548, 210 (2017).
- M. Niedostatek, A. Baptista, J. Yamamoto, J. Kurths, R. Sanchez Garcia, B. D. MacArthur, and G. Bianconi, Nat. Commun. 16, 11613 (2025).
- M. J. Feigenbaum, J. Stat. Phys. 19, 25 (1978).
- M. J. Feigenbaum, J. Stat. Phys. 21, 669 (1979).
- J. Milnor and W. Thurston, in Dynamical Systems (College Park, MD, 1986–87), Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol. 1342 (Springer, Berlin, 1988), pp. 465–563.
- P. Collet and J.-P. Eckmann, Iterated Maps on the Interval as Dynamical Systems (Birkhäuser, Boston, 1980).
- W. de Melo and S. van Strien, One-Dimensional Dynamics (Springer, Berlin, 1993).
- G. Dong, F. Wang, L. M. Shekhtman, M. M. Danziger, J. Fan, R. Du, J. Liu, L. Tian, H. E. Stanley, and S. Havlin, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 118, e1922831118 (2021).
- Y. Zhang, P. S. Skardal, F. Battiston, G. Petri, and M. Lucas, Sci. Adv. 10, eado8049 (2024).
- F. L. Metz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 037401 (2025).
- X. Hu, G. Dong, K. Christensen, H. Sun, J. Fan, Z. Tian, J. Gao, S. Havlin, R. Lambiotte, and X. Meng, Sci. Adv. 11, eadt2404 (2025).
- M. E. J. Newman, Phys. Rev. E 66, 016128 (2002).
- H. Kantz, Phys. Lett. A 185, 77 (1994).
- M. T. Rosenstein, J. J. Collins, and C. J. De Luca, Phys. D (Amsterdam, Neth.) 65, 117 (1993).
- G. Benettin, L. Galgani, A. Giorgilli, and J.-M. Strelcyn, Meccanica 15, 9 (1980).
- https://www.pks.mpg.de/asg2024.