- Letter
- Open Access
Thermal quenching of classical and semiclassical scrambling
Phys. Rev. E 110, L012204 – Published 26 July, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.L012204
Abstract
Quantum scrambling often gives rise to short-time exponential growth in out-of-time-ordered correlators. The scrambling rate over an isolated saddle point at finite temperature is shown here to be reduced by a hierarchy of quenching processes. Two of these appear in the classical limit, where escape from the neighborhood of the saddle reduces the rate by a factor of two, and thermal fluctuations around the saddle reduce it further; a third process can be explained semiclassically as arising from quantum thermal fluctuations around the saddle, which are also responsible for imposing the Maldacena-Shenker-Stanford bound.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (26)
- A. Larkin and Y. N. Ovchinnikov, Quasiclassical method in the theory of superconductivity, Sov. Phys. JETP 28, 1200 (1969).
- J. Maldacena, S. H. Shenker, and D. Stanford, A bound on chaos, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2016) 106.
- Y. Sekino and L. Susskind, Fast scramblers, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2008) 065.
- C. Murthy and M. Srednicki, Bounds on chaos from the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 230606 (2019).
- N. Tsuji, T. Shitara, and M. Ueda, Bound on the exponential growth rate of out-of-time-ordered correlators, Phys. Rev. E 98, 012216 (2018).
- S. Pappalardi, L. Foini, and J. Kurchan, Quantum bounds and fluctuation-dissipation relations, SciPost Phys. 12, 130 (2022).
- V. G. Sadhasivam, L. Meuser, D. R. Reichman, and S. C. Althorpe, Instantons and the quantum bound to chaos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2312378120 (2023).
- J. Chávez-Carlos, B. López-del Carpio, M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani, P. Stránský, S. Lerma-Hernández, L. F. Santos, and J. G. Hirsch, Quantum and classical Lyapunov exponents in atom-field interaction systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 024101 (2019).
- R. A. Kidd, A. Safavi-Naini, and J. F. Corney, Saddle-point scrambling without thermalization, Phys. Rev. A 103, 033304 (2021).
- T. Xu, T. Scaffidi, and X. Cao, Does scrambling equal chaos? Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 140602 (2020).
- K. Hashimoto, K.-B. Huh, K.-Y. Kim, and R. Watanabe, Exponential growth of out-of-time-order correlator without chaos: Inverted harmonic oscillator, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2020) 068.
- A. Bhattacharyya, W. Chemissany, S. S. Haque, J. Murugan, and B. Yan, The multi-faceted inverted harmonic oscillator: Chaos and complexity, SciPost Phys. Core 4, 002 (2021).
- C. Zhang, P. G. Wolynes, and M. Gruebele, Quantum information scrambling in molecules, Phys. Rev. A 105, 033322 (2022).
- P. G. Wolynes and M. Gruebele, Quantum scrambling across an energy barrier, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2319705120 (2023).
- The function has been chosen to make the Hessian increase monotonically on either side of the barrier.
- Note that we use the Kubo regularization as in Eq. (17) of Ref. [7] for the quantum OTOC.
- Real-time coherence effects become large at temperatures around and prevent exponential growth completely below about .
- R. P. Feynman, Statistical Mechanics: A Set of Lectures (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2018).
- D. Chandler and P. G. Wolynes, Exploiting the isomorphism between quantum theory and classical statistical mechanics of polyatomic fluids, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 4078 (1981).
- J. O. Richardson and S. C. Althorpe, Ring-polymer molecular dynamics rate-theory in the deep-tunneling regime: Connection with semiclassical instanton theory, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 214106 (2009).
- I. R. Craig and D. E. Manolopoulos, Quantum statistics and classical mechanics: Real time correlation functions from ring polymer molecular dynamics, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 3368 (2004).
- C. Dellago and S. Mukamel, Simulation strategies and signatures of chaos in classical nonlinear response, Phys. Rev. E 67, 035205(R) (2003).
- S. Mukamel, V. Khidekel, and V. Chernyak, Classical chaos and fluctuation-dissipation relations for nonlinear response, Phys. Rev. E 53, R1 (1996).
- P. Hamm, Velocity echoes in water, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 054505 (2019).
- The short-time reduction appears to be closely related to the multifractal distribution of Lyapunov exponents reported in Ref. [26].
- S. Pappalardi and J. Kurchan, Quantum bounds on the generalized Lyapunov exponents, Entropy 25, 246 (2023).