- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review E

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Quantifying ionization in hot dense plasmas

Thomas Gawne1,*, Sam M. Vinko1,2, and Justin S. Wark1

  • 1Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
  • 2Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom

  • *thomas.gawne@physics.ox.ac.uk
PDF

Phys. Rev. E 109, L023201 – Published 8 February, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.109.L023201

Abstract

Ionization is a problematic quantity in that it does not have a well-defined thermodynamic definition and yet it is a key parameter within plasma modeling. One still therefore aims to find a consistent and unambiguous definition for the ionization state. Within this context we present finite-temperature density functional theory calculations of the ionization state of carbon in CH plasmas using two potential definitions: one based on counting the number of continuum electrons, and another based on the optical conductivity. Differences of up to 10% are observed between the two methods. However, including “Pauli forbidden” transitions in the conductivity reproduces the counting definition, suggesting such transitions are important to evaluate the ionization state.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (41)

  1. P. Hohenberg and W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 (1964).
  2. W. Kohn and L. J. Sham, Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965).
  3. H.-K. Chung, M. H. Chen, and R. W. Lee, High Energy Density Phys. 3, 57 (2007).
  4. M. Marinak, S. Haan, T. Dittrich, R. Tipton, and G. Zimmerman, Phys. Plasmas 5, 1125 (1998).
  5. S. Toleikis, T. Bornath, T. Döppner, S. Düsterer, R. R. Fäustlin, E. Förster, C. Fortmann, S. H. Glenzer, S. Göde, G. Gregori et al., J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 194017 (2010).
  6. O. Ciricosta, S. M. Vinko, H.-K. Chung, C. Jackson, R. W. Lee, T. R. Preston, D. S. Rackstraw, and J. S. Wark, Phys. Plasmas 23, 022707 (2016).
  7. P. Hollebon, O. Ciricosta, M. P. Desjarlais, C. Cacho, C. Spindloe, E. Springate, I. C. E. Turcu, J. S. Wark, and S. M. Vinko, Phys. Rev. E 100, 043207 (2019).
  8. H. Abu-Shawareb, R. Acree, P. Adams, J. Adams, B. Addis, R. Aden, P. Adrian, B. B. Afeyan, M. Aggleton, L. Aghaian et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022).
  9. A. Zylstra, A. Kritcher, O. Hurricane, D. Callahan, J. Ralph, D. Casey, A. Pak, O. Landen, B. Bachmann, K. Baker et al., Phys. Rev. E 106, 025202 (2022).
  10. A. Kritcher, A. Zylstra, D. Callahan, O. Hurricane, C. Weber, D. Clark, C. Young, J. Ralph, D. Casey, A. Pak et al., Phys. Rev. E 106, 025201 (2022).
  11. H. R. Griem, Principles of Plasma Spectroscopy, Cambridge Monographs on Plasma Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1997).
  12. J. C. Stewart and K. D. Pyatt Jr., Astrophys. J. 144, 1203 (1966).
  13. O. Ciricosta, S. M. Vinko, H. K. Chung, B. I. Cho, C. R. D. Brown, T. Burian, J. Chalupsky, K. Engelhorn, R. W. Falcone, C. Graves, V. Hajkova, A. Higginbotham, L. Juha, J. Krzywinski, H. J. Lee, M. Messerschmidt, C. D. Murphy, Y. Ping, D. S. Rackstraw, A. Scherz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 065002 (2012).
  14. D. J. Hoarty, P. Allan, S. F. James, C. R. D. Brown, L. M. R. Hobbs, M. P. Hill, J. W. O. Harris, J. Morton, M. G. Brookes, R. Shepherd, J. Dunn, H. Chen, E. VonMarley, P. Beiersdorfer, H. K. Chung, R. W. Lee, G. Brown, and J. Emig, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 265003 (2013).
  15. O. Ciricosta, S. M. Vinko, B. Barbrel, D. S. Rackstraw, T. R. Preston, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, B. I. Cho, H.-K. Chung, G. L. Dakovski et al., Nat. Commun. 7, 11713 (2016).
  16. D. Kraus, D. A. Chapman, A. L. Kritcher, R. A. Baggott, B. Bachmann, G. W. Collins, S. H. Glenzer, J. A. Hawreliak, D. H. Kalantar, O. L. Landen, T. Ma, S. LePape, J. Nilsen, D. C. Swift, P. Neumayer, R. W. Falcone, D. O. Gericke, and T. Doppner, Phys. Rev. E 94, 011202(R) (2016).
  17. T. Döppner, M. Bethkenhagen, D. Kraus, P. Neumayer, D. A. Chapman, B. Bachmann, R. A. Baggott, M. P. Böhme, L. Divol, R. W. Falcone et al., Nature (London) 618, 270 (2023).
  18. H.-K. Chung, M. H. Chen, W. L. Morgan, Y. Ralchenko, and R. W. Lee, High Energy Density Phys. 1, 3 (2005).
  19. J. Chihara, J. Phys. F 17, 295 (1987).
  20. J. Chihara, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12, 231 (2000).
  21. S. Fritzsche, P. Palmeri, and S. Schippers, Symmetry 13, 520 (2021).
  22. T. Gawne, T. Campbell, A. Forte, P. Hollebon, G. Perez-Callejo, O. S. Humphries, O. Karnbach, M. F. Kasim, T. R. Preston, H. J. Lee, A. Miscampbell, Q. Y. van den Berg, B. Nagler, S. Ren, R. B. Royle, J. S. Wark, and S. M. Vinko, Phys. Rev. E 108, 035210 (2023).
  23. M. Bethkenhagen, B. B. L. Witte, M. Schörner, G. Röpke, T. Döppne, D. Kraus, S. H. Glenzer, P. A. Sterne, and R. Redmer, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 023260 (2020).
  24. J. Clérouin, A. Blanchet, C. Blancard, G. Faussurier, F. Soubiran, and M. Bethkenhagen, Phys. Rev. E 106, 045204 (2022).
  25. R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 12, 570 (1957).
  26. D. Greenwood, Proc. Phys. Soc. 71, 585 (1958).
  27. E. I. Blount, Solid State Physics (Elsevier, New York City, 1962), Vol. 13, pp. 305–373.
  28. N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York & London, 1976).
  29. W. Thomas, Naturwissenschaften 13, 627 (1925).
  30. F. Reiche and W. Thomas, Z. Phys. 34, 510 (1925).
  31. W. Kuhn, Z. Phys. 33, 408 (1925).
  32. L. Calderín, V. V. Karasiev, and S. B. Trickey, Comput. Phys. Commun. 221, 118 (2017).
  33. U. Whang, E. Arakawa, and T. Callcott, Phys. Rev. B 6, 2109 (1972).
  34. T. Kobayasi and M. Watabe, Solid State Commun. 13, 59 (1973).
  35. X. Gonze, F. Jollet, F. A. Araujo, D. Adams, B. Amadon, T. Applencourt, C. Audouze, J.-M. Beuken, J. Bieder, A. Bokhanchuk et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 205, 106 (2016).
  36. M. Torrent, F. Jollet, F. Bottin, G. Zérah, and X. Gonze, Comput. Mater. Sci. 42, 337 (2008).
  37. F. Bottin, S. Leroux, A. Knyazev, and G. Zérah, Comput. Mater. Sci. 42, 329 (2008).
  38. N. Holzwarth, A. Tackett, and G. Matthews, Comput. Phys. Commun. 135, 329 (2001).
  39. P. E. Blöchl, Phys. Rev. B 50, 17953 (1994).
  40. P. Hollebon, J. S. Wark, and S. M. Vinko, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 63, 114006 (2021).
  41. J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. E 109, L023201– Published 8 February, 2024
  • Received 10 July 2023
  • Accepted 7 December 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation