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Converging-diverging shock-driven instabilities along soft hydrogel surfaces

Daniel Pickard1,2, Dmitro Martynowych3,2, Jet Lem3,2, Anwar Koshakji1,2, Shaoting Lin4, Xuanhe Zhao4, Keith Nelson3,2, Bianca Giovanardi1,2,5, and Raul Radovitzky1,2

  • 1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 2Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 3Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 5Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands

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Phys. Rev. E 107, L022601 – Published 7 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.L022601

Abstract

Intense surface eruptions are observed along the curved surface of a confined cylindrical film of hydrogel subject to laser-induced converging-diverging shock loading. Detailed numerical simulations are used to identify the dominant mechanisms causing mechanical instability. The mechanisms that produce surface instability are found to be fundamentally different from both acoustic parametric instability and shock-driven Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. The time scale of observed and simulated eruption formation is much larger than that of a single shock reflection, in stark contrast to previously studied shock-driven instabilities. Moreover, surface undulations are only found along external, as opposed to internal, soft solid boundaries. Specifically, classic bubble surface instability mechanisms do not occur in our experiments and here we comment only on the new surface undulations found along the outer boundary of solid hydrogel cylinders. Our findings indicate a new class of impulsively excited surface instability that is driven by cycles of internal shock reflections.

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Phys. Rev. E 107, L022601– Published 7 February, 2023
  • Received 2 June 2021
  • Accepted 6 January 2023
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