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  • Letter

Finite-time Lyapunov fluctuations and the upper bound of classical and quantum out-of-time-ordered expansion rate exponents

Miguel A. Prado Reynoso*

Guilherme J. Delben†

Martin Schlesinger‡

Marcus W. Beims§

  • Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico

  • Departamento de Ciências Naturais e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 89520-000 Curitibanos, Brazil

  • TraceTronic GmbH, Stuttgarter Strasse 3, 01189 Dresden, Germany

  • Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

  • *prado_angel92@hotmail.com
  • †guilherme.delben@ufsc.br
  • ‡martin-schlesinger@gmx.de
  • §mbeims@fisica.ufpr.br

Phys. Rev. E 106, L062201 – Published 12 December, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.106.L062201

Abstract

This Letter demonstrates for chaotic maps [logistic, classical, and quantum standard maps (SMs)] that the exponential growth rate (Λ) of the out-of-time-ordered four-point correlator is equal to the classical Lyapunov exponent (λ) plus fluctuations (Δ(fluc)) of the one-step finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs). Jensen's inequality provides the upper bound λ≤Λ for the considered systems. Equality is restored with Λ=λ+Δ(fluc), where Δ(fluc) is quantified by k-higher-order cumulants of the (covariant) FTLEs. Exact expressions for Λ are derived and numerical results using k=20 furnish Δ(fluc)∼ln(2) for all maps (large kicking intensities in the SMs).

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