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    Emergence and coexistence of periodic and unstructured motion in future-avoiding random walks

    A. Schmaus1,2, K. Stiller1,2, and N. Molkenthin1,*

    • *Contact author: nora.molkenthin@pik-potsdam.de

    Phys. Rev. E 114, 044219 – Published 23 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9q1j-dlw8

    Abstract

    Self-avoiding random walks on graphs can be seen as walkers interacting with their own past history. Here, we consider a complementary class of dynamics, mutual future-avoiding random walks (MFARWs), where stochastically driven walkers are avoiding each other's planned future trajectories. Such systems arise naturally in conceptual models of shared mobility. We show that periodic behavior emerges spontaneously in two different MFARWs, and that periodic and unstructured behavior coexist, providing an example of chimera like behavior of nonoscillatory paths on networks. Further, we analytically describe and predict the onset of structure. We find that the transition from unstructured to periodic behavior is driven by a mechanism of self-amplifying coupling to the periodic components of the stochastic drivers of the system. In the context of shared mobility applications, these states imply a regime of naturally stable coexistence between flexible and line-based public transport.

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