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    Relaxation of Hamiltonian dynamics in intermediate timescales and slow dynamics of glass-forming liquids

    Yoshihiro Nakahara* and Akira Shudo†

    • *Contact author: nakayoshi.phys.0610@gmail.com
    • †Contact author: shudo@tmu.ac.jp

    Phys. Rev. E 112, 045424 – Published 24 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6ypl-jdm3

    Abstract

    We examine to what extent the characteristic slow dynamics of glass-forming liquids can be reproduced by a single-particle model without randomness. Our results show that even a single-particle Lorentz gas without explicit randomness reproduces the behavior of several key observables such as mean-square displacement, non-Gaussian parameter, and dynamical susceptibility in close agreement with those of glass-forming liquids. Notably, α relaxation, characterized by a stretched exponential decay in the self-intermediate scattering function, emerges in the 3D Lorentz gas with a face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattice. The Vogel-Fulcher law is also observed in the single-particle Lorentz gas; however, the full range of the Vogel-Fulcher law is reproduced only when the dimensionality of the model is increased, indicating that the Vogel-Fulcher law originates from features intrinsic to higher-dimensional systems. Finally, we discuss the implications of intermediate timescales and finite-lifetime structures in light of recent advances in dynamical systems theory.

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