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    Squeezing light to get nonclassical work in quantum engines

    A. Tejero*, D. Manzano†, and P. I. Hurtado‡

    • Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia, and Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

    • *Contact author: atejero@onsager.ugr.es
    • †Contact author: manzano@onsager.ugr.es
    • ‡Contact author: phurtado@onsager.ugr.es

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 014117 – Published 14 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3vvj-7hmj

    Abstract

    Light can be squeezed by reducing the quantum uncertainty of the electric field for some phases. We show how to use this purely quantum effect to extract net mechanical work from radiation pressure in a simple quantum photon engine. Along the way, we demonstrate that the standard definition of work in quantum systems does not capture the extractable mechanical work, as it does not reflect the energy leaked to these quantum degrees of freedom. We use these results to design an Otto engine able to produce mechanical work from squeezing baths, in the absence of a thermal gradient. Interestingly, while work extraction from squeezing generally improves for low temperatures, there exists a nontrivial squeezing-dependent temperature for which work production is maximal, demonstrating the complex interplay between thermal and squeezing effects.

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