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    Two-local modifications of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model with quantum chaos

    Masanori Hanada1, Sam van Leuven2,3, Onur Oktay4, and Masaki Tezuka5

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 014217 – Published 27 January, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3gry-qtl3

    Abstract

    The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model may provide us with a good starting point for the experimental study of quantum chaos and holography in the laboratory. Still, the four-local interaction of fermions makes quantum simulation challenging, and it would be good to search for simpler models that keep the essence. In this paper, we argue that the four-local interaction may not be important by introducing a few models that have two-local interactions. The first model is a generalization of the spin-SYK model, which is obtained by replacing the spin variables with SU(d) generators. Simulations of this class of models might be straightforward on qudit-based quantum devices. We study the case of d=3,4,5,6 numerically and observe quantum chaos already for two-local interactions in a wide energy range. We also introduce modifications of spin-SYK and SYK models that have similar structures as the SU(d) model (e.g., H=∑p,qJpqχpχp+1χqχq+1 instead of the original SYK Hamiltonian H=∑p,q,r,sJpqrsχpχqχrχs), which shows strongly chaotic features although the interaction is essentially two-local. These models may be a good starting point for the quantum simulation of the original SYK model.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Corrections

    30 March, 2026

    Correction: An error in wording in the first sentence following Eq. (14) has been fixed. Short text following Eq. (19) and the first line of Eq. (20) have been removed. The second sentence following Eq. (20) contained a redundancy and has been rectified.

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