Higher-order tensor renormalization group study of the Ising model on tunable fractal lattices
Phys. Rev. E 113, 034108 – Published 9 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1zqb-1hsw
Abstract
The Ising model on fractal lattices has attracted renewed interest, yet a quantitative understanding of how the critical temperature depends on the Hausdorff dimension and connectivity remains limited. We study the ferromagnetic Ising model on the one-parameter “legs-extension” family of fractal lattices originally introduced by Genzor et al. and apply the higher-order tensor renormalization group (HOTRG) method, following the tensor-network construction developed for these geometries in earlier work. By tuning a single structural parameter, we access lattices with decreasing from to and connectivity from to , and obtain high-precision critical temperatures and magnetization exponents with carefully quantified uncertainties from systematic bond-dimension and fitting-window analyses, finding that is strongly and almost exponentially suppressed as is reduced. Along this one-dimensional trajectory in the plane, decreases monotonically with and, when plotted against , exhibits a robust near-linear behavior within this lattice family over almost an order of magnitude in connectivity. A finite-temperature phase transition persists throughout the explored range down to our lowest Hausdorff dimension, , implying that the lower critical dimension of this family, if it exists, lies below this value. Comparison with zero-order and first-order mean-field theory shows that HOTRG systematically incorporates fluctuation effects beyond mean-field approximations. The tabulated and values thus provide a stringent benchmark for theories of criticality on fractal lattices and a quantitative reference for future numerical and analytical studies on other complex geometries.