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    Collisionless ion-electron energy exchange in magnetized shocks

    Y. Zhang1,2,*, P. V. Heuer1, H. Wen1, J. R. Davies1,2, C. Ren1,2,3, D. B. Schaeffer4, E. G. Blackman1,3, J. Zhang1,5, A. Bret6,7 et al.

    F. García-Rubio8

    • *Contact author: vyzhang@lle.rochester.edu

    Phys. Rev. E 113, 035205 – Published 10 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/16zv-35kt

    Abstract

    Energy partition between ions and electrons in collisionless shocks has been a long-standing unsolved fundamental physical question. We show that kinetic simulations of moderate Alfvénic Mach number, magnetized, collisionless shocks reveal rapid, faster-than-Coulomb, energy exchange between ions and electrons when the plasma is sufficiently magnetized. Using kinetic and multifluid models with counter-streaming ions, we identify resonances between electron whistler and ion magnetohydrodynamic waves that account for this rapid energy exchange.

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