Tests of general relativity with GWTC-3
R. Abbott1, H. Abe2, F. Acernese3,4, K. Ackley5, N. Adhikari6, R. X. Adhikari1, V. K. Adkins7, V. B. Adya8, C. Affeldt9,10 et al. (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration)
C. Affeldt9,10, D. Agarwal11, M. Agathos12,13, K. Agatsuma14, N. Aggarwal15, O. D. Aguiar16, L. Aiello17, A. Ain18, P. Ajith19, T. Akutsu20,21, P. F. de Alarcón143, S. Albanesi22,23, R. A. Alfaidi24, A. Allocca25,4, P. A. Altin8, A. Amato26, C. Anand5, S. Anand1, A. Ananyeva1, S. B. Anderson1, W. G. Anderson6, M. Ando27,28, T. Andrade29, N. Andres30, M. Andrés-Carcasona31, T. Andrić32, S. V. Angelova33, S. Ansoldi34,35, J. M. Antelis36, S. Antier37,38, T. Apostolatos39, E. Z. Appavuravther40,41, S. Appert1, S. K. Apple42, K. Arai1, A. Araya43, M. C. Araya1, J. S. Areeda44, M. Arène45, N. Aritomi20, N. Arnaud46,47, M. Arogeti48, S. M. Aronson7, K. G. Arun49, H. Asada50, Y. Asali51, G. Ashton52, Y. Aso53,54, M. Assiduo55,56, S. Assis de Souza Melo47, S. M. Aston57, P. Astone58, F. Aubin56, K. AultONeal36, C. Austin7, S. Babak45, F. Badaracco59, M. K. M. Bader60, C. Badger61, S. Bae62, Y. Bae63, A. M. Baer64, S. Bagnasco23, Y. Bai1, J. Baird45, R. Bajpai65, T. Baka66, M. Ball67, G. Ballardin47, S. W. Ballmer68, A. Balsamo64, G. Baltus69, S. Banagiri15, B. Banerjee32, D. Bankar11, J. C. Barayoga1, C. Barbieri70,71,72, B. C. Barish1, D. Barker73, P. Barneo29, F. Barone74,4, B. Barr24, L. Barsotti75, M. Barsuglia45, D. Barta76, J. Bartlett73, M. A. Barton24, I. Bartos77, S. Basak19, R. Bassiri78, A. Basti79,18, M. Bawaj40,80, J. C. Bayley24, M. Bazzan81,82, B. R. Becher83, B. Bécsy84, V. M. Bedakihale85, F. Beirnaert86, M. Bejger87, I. Belahcene46, V. Benedetto88, D. Beniwal89, M. G. Benjamin90, T. F. Bennett91, J. D. Bentley14, M. BenYaala33, S. Bera11, M. Berbel92, F. Bergamin9,10, B. K. Berger78, S. Bernuzzi13, C. P. L. Berry24, D. Bersanetti93, A. Bertolini60, J. Betzwieser57, D. Beveridge94, R. Bhandare95, A. V. Bhandari11, U. Bhardwaj38,60, R. Bhatt1, D. Bhattacharjee96, S. Bhaumik77, A. Bianchi60,97, I. A. Bilenko98, G. Billingsley1, S. Bini99,100, R. Birney101, O. Birnholtz102, S. Biscans1,75, M. Bischi55,56, S. Biscoveanu75, A. Bisht9,10, B. Biswas11, M. Bitossi47,18, M.-A. Bizouard37, J. K. Blackburn1, C. D. Blair94, D. G. Blair94, R. M. Blair73, F. Bobba103,104, N. Bode9,10, M. Boër37, G. Bogaert37, M. Boldrini105,58, G. N. Bolingbroke89, L. D. Bonavena81, F. Bondu106, E. Bonilla78, R. Bonnand30, P. Booker9,10, B. A. Boom60, R. Bork1, V. Boschi18, N. Bose107, S. Bose11, V. Bossilkov94, V. Boudart69, Y. Bouffanais81,82, A. Bozzi47, C. Bradaschia18, P. R. Brady6, A. Bramley57, A. Branch57, M. Branchesi32,108, J. E. Brau67, M. Breschi13, T. Briant109, J. H. Briggs24, A. Brillet37, M. Brinkmann9,10, P. Brockill6, A. F. Brooks1, J. Brooks47, D. D. Brown89, S. Brunett1, G. Bruno59, R. Bruntz64, J. Bryant14, F. Bucci56, T. Bulik110, H. J. Bulten60, A. Buonanno111,112, K. Burtnyk73, R. Buscicchio14, D. Buskulic30, C. Buy113, R. L. Byer78, G. S. Cabourn Davies52, G. Cabras34,35, R. Cabrita59, L. Cadonati48, M. Caesar114, G. Cagnoli26, C. Cahillane73, J. Calderón Bustillo115, J. D. Callaghan24, T. A. Callister116,117, E. Calloni25,4, J. Cameron94, J. B. Camp118, M. Canepa119,93, S. Canevarolo66, M. Cannavacciuolo103, K. C. Cannon28, H. Cao89, Z. Cao120, E. Capocasa45,20, E. Capote68, G. Carapella103,104, F. Carbognani47, M. Carlassara9,10, J. B. Carlin121, M. F. Carney15, M. Carpinelli122,123,47, G. Carrillo67, G. Carullo79,18, T. L. Carver17, J. Casanueva Diaz47, C. Casentini124,125, G. Castaldi126, S. Caudill60,66, M. Cavaglià96, F. Cavalier46, R. Cavalieri47, G. Cella18, P. Cerdá-Durán127, E. Cesarini125, W. Chaibi37, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya128, E. Champion129, C.-H. Chan130, C. Chan28, C. L. Chan131, K. Chan131, M. Chan132, K. Chandra107, I. P. Chang130, P. Chanial47, S. Chao130, C. Chapman-Bird24, P. Charlton133, E. A. Chase15, E. Chassande-Mottin45, C. Chatterjee94, Debarati Chatterjee11, Deep Chatterjee6, M. Chaturvedi95, S. Chaty45, K. Chatziioannou1, C. Chen134,130, D. Chen53, H. Y. Chen75, J. Chen130, K. Chen135, X. Chen94, Y.-B. Chen136, Y.-R. Chen130, Z. Chen17, H. Cheng77, C. K. Cheong131, H. Y. Cheung131, H. Y. Chia77, F. Chiadini137,104, C-Y. Chiang138, G. Chiarini82, R. Chierici139, A. Chincarini93, M. L. Chiofalo79,18, A. Chiummo47, R. K. Choudhary94, S. Choudhary11, N. Christensen37, Q. Chu94, Y-K. Chu138, S. S. Y. Chua8, K. W. Chung61, G. Ciani81,82, P. Ciecielag87, M. Cieślar87, M. Cifaldi124,125, A. A. Ciobanu89, R. Ciolfi140,82, F. Cipriano37, F. Clara73, J. A. Clark1,48, P. Clearwater141, S. Clesse142, F. Cleva37, E. Coccia32,108, E. Codazzo32, P.-F. Cohadon109, D. E. Cohen46, M. Colleoni143, C. G. Collette144, A. Colombo70,71, M. Colpi70,71, C. M. Compton73, M. Constancio, Jr.16, L. Conti82, S. J. Cooper14, P. Corban57, T. R. Corbitt7, I. Cordero-Carrión145, S. Corezzi80,40, K. R. Corley51, N. J. Cornish84, D. Corre46, A. Corsi146, S. Cortese47, C. A. Costa16, R. Cotesta112, R. Cottingham57, M. W. Coughlin147, J.-P. Coulon37, S. T. Countryman51, B. Cousins148, P. Couvares1, D. M. Coward94, M. J. Cowart57, D. C. Coyne1, R. Coyne149, J. D. E. Creighton6, T. D. Creighton90, A. W. Criswell147, M. Croquette109, S. G. Crowder150, J. R. Cudell69, T. J. Cullen7, A. Cumming24, R. Cummings24, L. Cunningham24, E. Cuoco47,151,18, M. Curyło110, P. Dabadie26, T. Dal Canton46, S. Dall’Osso32, G. Dálya86,152, A. Dana78, B. D’Angelo119,93, S. Danilishin153,60, S. D’Antonio125, K. Danzmann9,10, C. Darsow-Fromm128, A. Dasgupta85, L. E. H. Datrier24, Sayak Datta11, Sayantani Datta49, V. Dattilo47, I. Dave95, M. Davier46, D. Davis1, M. C. Davis114, E. J. Daw154, R. Dean114, D. DeBra78,a, M. Deenadayalan11, J. Degallaix155, M. De Laurentis25,4, S. Deléglise109, V. Del Favero129, F. De Lillo59, N. De Lillo24, D. Dell’Aquila122, W. Del Pozzo79,18, L. M. DeMarchi15, F. De Matteis124,125, V. D’Emilio17, N. Demos75, T. Dent115, A. Depasse59, R. De Pietri156,157, R. De Rosa25,4, C. De Rossi47, R. DeSalvo126,158, R. De Simone137, S. Dhurandhar11, M. C. Díaz90, N. A. Didio68, T. Dietrich112, L. Di Fiore4, C. Di Fronzo14, C. Di Giorgio103,104, F. Di Giovanni127, M. Di Giovanni32, T. Di Girolamo25,4, A. Di Lieto79,18, A. Di Michele80, B. Ding144, S. Di Pace105,58, I. Di Palma105,58, F. Di Renzo79,18, A. K. Divakarla77, Divyajyoti239, A. Dmitriev14, Z. Doctor15, L. Donahue159, L. D’Onofrio25,4, F. Donovan75, K. L. Dooley17, S. Doravari11, M. Drago105,58, J. C. Driggers73, Y. Drori1, J.-G. Ducoin46, P. Dupej24, U. Dupletsa32, O. Durante103,104, D. D’Urso122,123, P.-A. Duverne46, S. E. Dwyer73, C. Eassa73, P. J. Easter5, M. Ebersold160, T. Eckhardt128, G. Eddolls24, B. Edelman67, T. B. Edo1, O. Edy52, A. Effler57, S. Eguchi132, J. Eichholz8, S. S. Eikenberry77, M. Eisenmann30,20, R. A. Eisenstein75, A. Ejlli17, E. Engelby44, Y. Enomoto27, L. Errico25,4, R. C. Essick161, H. Estellés143, D. Estevez162, Z. Etienne163, T. Etzel1, M. Evans75, T. M. Evans57, T. Evstafyeva12, B. E. Ewing148, F. Fabrizi55,56, F. Faedi56, V. Fafone124,125,32, H. Fair68, S. Fairhurst17, P. C. Fan159, A. M. Farah164, S. Farinon93, B. Farr67, W. M. Farr116,117, E. J. Fauchon-Jones17, G. Favaro81, M. Favata165, M. Fays69, M. Fazio166, J. Feicht1, M. M. Fejer78, E. Fenyvesi76,167, D. L. Ferguson168, A. Fernandez-Galiana75, I. Ferrante79,18, T. A. Ferreira16, F. Fidecaro79,18, P. Figura110, A. Fiori18,79, I. Fiori47, M. Fishbach15, R. P. Fisher64, R. Fittipaldi169,104, V. Fiumara170,104, R. Flaminio30,20, E. Floden147, H. K. Fong28, J. A. Font127,171, B. Fornal158, P. W. F. Forsyth8, A. Franke128, S. Frasca105,58, F. Frasconi18, J. P. Freed36, Z. Frei152, A. Freise60,97, O. Freitas172, R. Frey67, P. Fritschel75, V. V. Frolov57, G. G. Fronzé23, Y. Fujii173, Y. Fujikawa174, Y. Fujimoto175, P. Fulda77, M. Fyffe57, H. A. Gabbard24, W. E. Gabella176, B. U. Gadre112, J. R. Gair112, J. Gais131, S. Galaudage5, R. Gamba13, D. Ganapathy75, A. Ganguly11, D. Gao177, S. G. Gaonkar11, B. Garaventa93,119, C. García Núñez101, C. García-Quirós143, F. Garufi25,4, B. Gateley73, V. Gayathri77, G.-G. Ge177, G. Gemme93, A. Gennai18, V. Gennari113, J. George95, O. Gerberding128, L. Gergely178, P. Gewecke128, S. Ghonge48, Abhirup Ghosh112, Archisman Ghosh86, Shaon Ghosh165, Shrobana Ghosh17, Tathagata Ghosh11, B. Giacomazzo70,71,72, L. Giacoppo105,58, J. A. Giaime7,57, K. D. Giardina57, D. R. Gibson101, C. Gier33, M. Giesler179, P. Giri18,79, F. Gissi88, S. Gkaitatzis18,79, J. Glanzer7, A. E. Gleckl44, P. Godwin148, E. Goetz180, R. Goetz77, N. Gohlke9,10, J. Golomb1, B. Goncharov32, G. González7, M. Gosselin47, R. Gouaty30, D. W. Gould8, S. Goyal19, B. Grace8, A. Grado181,4, V. Graham24, M. Granata155, V. Granata103, A. Grant24, S. Gras75, P. Grassia1, C. Gray73, R. Gray24, G. Greco40, A. C. Green77, R. Green17, A. M. Gretarsson36, E. M. Gretarsson36, D. Griffith1, W. L. Griffiths17, H. L. Griggs48, G. Grignani80,40, A. Grimaldi99,100, E. Grimes36, S. J. Grimm32,108, H. Grote17, S. Grunewald112, P. Gruning46, A. S. Gruson44, D. Guerra127, G. M. Guidi55,56, A. R. Guimaraes7, G. Guixé29, H. K. Gulati85, A. M. Gunny75, H.-K. Guo158, Y. Guo60, Anchal Gupta1, Anuradha Gupta182, I. M. Gupta148, P. Gupta60,66, S. K. Gupta107, R. Gustafson183, F. Guzman184, S. Ha185, I. P. W. Hadiputrawan135, L. Haegel45, S. Haino138, O. Halim35, E. D. Hall75, E. Z. Hamilton160, G. Hammond24, W.-B. Han186, M. Haney160, J. Hanks73, C. Hanna148, M. D. Hannam17, O. Hannuksela66,60, H. Hansen73, T. J. Hansen36, J. Hanson57, T. Harder37, K. Haris60,66, J. Harms32,108, G. M. Harry42, I. W. Harry52, D. Hartwig128, K. Hasegawa187, B. Haskell87, C.-J. Haster75, J. S. Hathaway129, K. Hattori188, K. Haughian24, H. Hayakawa189, K. Hayama132, F. J. Hayes24, J. Healy129, A. Heidmann109, A. Heidt9,10, M. C. Heintze57, J. Heinze9,10, J. Heinzel75, H. Heitmann37, F. Hellman190, P. Hello46, A. F. Helmling-Cornell67, G. Hemming47, M. Hendry24, I. S. Heng24, E. Hennes60, J. Hennig191, M. H. Hennig191, C. Henshaw48, A. G. Hernandez91, F. Hernandez Vivanco5, M. Heurs9,10, A. L. Hewitt192, S. Higginbotham17, S. Hild153,60, P. Hill33, Y. Himemoto193, A. S. Hines184, N. Hirata20, C. Hirose174, T-C. Ho135, S. Hochheim9,10, D. Hofman155, J. N. Hohmann128, D. G. Holcomb114, N. A. Holland8, I. J. Hollows154, Z. J. Holmes89, K. Holt57, D. E. Holz164, Q. Hong130, J. Hough24, S. Hourihane1, E. J. Howell94, C. G. Hoy17, D. Hoyland14, A. Hreibi9,10, B-H. Hsieh187, H-F. Hsieh130, C. Hsiung134, Y. Hsu130, H-Y. Huang138, P. Huang177, Y-C. Huang130, Y.-J. Huang138, Yiting Huang150, Yiwen Huang75, M. T. Hübner5, A. D. Huddart194, B. Hughey36, D. C. Y. Hui195, V. Hui30, S. Husa143, S. H. Huttner24, R. Huxford148, T. Huynh-Dinh57, S. Ide196, B. Idzkowski110, A. Iess124,125, K. Inayoshi197, Y. Inoue135, P. Iosif198, M. Isi75, K. Isleif128, K. Ito199, Y. Itoh175,200, B. R. Iyer19, V. JaberianHamedan94, T. Jacqmin109, P.-E. Jacquet109, S. J. Jadhav201, S. P. Jadhav11, T. Jain12, A. L. James17, A. Z. Jan168, K. Jani176, J. Janquart66,60, K. Janssens202,37, N. N. Janthalur201, P. Jaranowski203, D. Jariwala77, R. Jaume143, A. C. Jenkins61, K. Jenner89, C. Jeon204, W. Jia75, J. Jiang77, H.-B. Jin205,206, G. R. Johns64, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel182, R. Johnston24, A. W. Jones94, D. I. Jones207, P. Jones14, R. Jones24, P. Joshi148, L. Ju94, A. Jue158, P. Jung63, K. Jung185, J. Junker9,10, V. Juste162, K. Kaihotsu199, T. Kajita208, M. Kakizaki209, C. V. Kalaghatgi17,66,60,210, V. Kalogera15, B. Kamai1, M. Kamiizumi189, N. Kanda175,200, S. Kandhasamy11, G. Kang211, J. B. Kanner1, Y. Kao130, S. J. Kapadia19, D. P. Kapasi8, C. Karathanasis31, S. Karki96, R. Kashyap148, M. Kasprzack1, W. Kastaun9,10, T. Kato187, S. Katsanevas47,a, E. Katsavounidis75, W. Katzman57, T. Kaur94, K. Kawabe73, K. Kawaguchi187, F. Kéfélian37, D. Keitel143, J. S. Key212, S. Khadka78, F. Y. Khalili98, S. Khan17, T. Khanam146, E. A. Khazanov213, N. Khetan32,108, M. Khursheed95, N. Kijbunchoo8, A. Kim15, C. Kim204, J. C. Kim214, J. Kim215, K. Kim204, W. S. Kim63, Y.-M. Kim185, C. Kimball15, N. Kimura189, M. Kinley-Hanlon24, R. Kirchhoff9,10, J. S. Kissel73, S. Klimenko77, T. Klinger12, A. M. Knee180, T. D. Knowles163, N. Knust9,10, E. Knyazev75, Y. Kobayashi175, P. Koch9,10, G. Koekoek60,153, K. Kohri216, K. Kokeyama217, S. Koley32, P. Kolitsidou17, M. Kolstein31, K. Komori75, V. Kondrashov1, A. K. H. Kong130, A. Kontos83, N. Koper9,10, M. Korobko128, M. Kovalam94, N. Koyama174, D. B. Kozak1, C. Kozakai53, V. Kringel9,10, N. V. Krishnendu9,10, A. Królak218,219, G. Kuehn9,10, F. Kuei130, P. Kuijer60, S. Kulkarni182, A. Kumar201, Prayush Kumar19, Rahul Kumar73, Rakesh Kumar85, J. Kume28, K. Kuns75, Y. Kuromiya199, S. Kuroyanagi220,221, K. Kwak185, G. Lacaille24, P. Lagabbe30, D. Laghi113, E. Lalande222, M. Lalleman202, T. L. Lam131, A. Lamberts37,223, M. Landry73, B. B. Lane75, R. N. Lang75, J. Lange168, B. Lantz78, I. La Rosa30, A. Lartaux-Vollard46, P. D. Lasky5, M. Laxen57, A. Lazzarini1, C. Lazzaro81,82, P. Leaci105,58, S. Leavey9,10, S. LeBohec158, Y. K. Lecoeuche180, E. Lee187, H. M. Lee224, H. W. Lee214, K. Lee225, R. Lee130, I. N. Legred1, J. Lehmann9,10, A. Lemaître226, M. Lenti56,227, M. Leonardi20, E. Leonova38, N. Leroy46, N. Letendre30, C. Levesque222, Y. Levin5, J. N. Leviton183, K. Leyde45, A. K. Y. Li1, B. Li130, J. Li15, K. L. Li228, P. Li229, T. G. F. Li131, X. Li136, C-Y. Lin230, E. T. Lin130, F-K. Lin138, F-L. Lin231, H. L. Lin135, L. C.-C. Lin228, F. Linde210,60, S. D. Linker126,91, J. N. Linley24, T. B. Littenberg232, G. C. Liu134, J. Liu94, K. Liu130, X. Liu6, F. Llamas90, R. K. L. Lo1, T. Lo130, L. T. London38,75, A. Longo233, D. Lopez160, M. Lopez Portilla66, M. Lorenzini124,125, V. Loriette234, M. Lormand57, G. Losurdo18, T. P. Lott48, J. D. Lough9,10, C. O. Lousto129, G. Lovelace44, J. F. Lucaccioni235, H. Lück9,10, D. Lumaca124,125, A. P. Lundgren52, L.-W. Luo138, J. E. Lynam64, M. Ma’arif135, R. Macas52, J. B. Machtinger15, M. MacInnis75, D. M. Macleod17, I. A. O. MacMillan1, A. Macquet37, I. Magaña Hernandez6, C. Magazzù18, R. M. Magee1, E. Maggio112, R. Maggiore14, M. Magnozzi93,119, S. Mahesh163, E. Majorana105,58, I. Maksimovic234, S. Maliakal1, A. Malik95, N. Man37, V. Mandic147, V. Mangano105,58, G. L. Mansell73,75, M. Manske6, M. Mantovani47, M. Mapelli81,82, F. Marchesoni41,40,236, D. Marín Pina29, F. Marion30, Z. Mark136, S. Márka51, Z. Márka51, C. Markakis12, A. S. Markosyan78, A. Markowitz1, E. Maros1, A. Marquina145, S. Marsat45, F. Martelli55,56, I. W. Martin24, R. M. Martin165, M. Martinez31, V. A. Martinez77, V. Martinez26, K. Martinovic61, D. V. Martynov14, E. J. Marx75, H. Masalehdan128, K. Mason75, E. Massera154, A. Masserot30, M. Masso-Reid24, S. Mastrogiovanni45, A. Matas112, M. Mateu-Lucena143, F. Matichard1,75, M. Matiushechkina9,10, N. Mavalvala75, J. J. McCann94, R. McCarthy73, D. E. McClelland8, P. K. McClincy148, S. McCormick57, L. McCuller75, G. I. McGhee24, S. C. McGuire57, C. McIsaac52, J. McIver180, T. McRae8, S. T. McWilliams163, D. Meacher6, M. Mehmet9,10, A. K. Mehta112, Q. Meijer66, A. Melatos121, D. A. Melchor44, G. Mendell73, A. Menendez-Vazquez31, C. S. Menoni166, R. A. Mercer6, L. Mereni155, K. Merfeld67, E. L. Merilh57, J. D. Merritt67, M. Merzougui37, S. Meshkov1,a, C. Messenger24, C. Messick75, P. M. Meyers121, F. Meylahn9,10, A. Mhaske11, A. Miani99,100, H. Miao14, I. Michaloliakos77, C. Michel155, Y. Michimura27, H. Middleton121, D. P. Mihaylov112, L. Milano25,a, A. L. Miller59, A. Miller91, B. Miller38,60, M. Millhouse121, J. C. Mills17, E. Milotti237,35, Y. Minenkov125, N. Mio238, Ll. M. Mir31, M. Miravet-Tenés127, A. Mishkin77, C. Mishra239, T. Mishra77, T. Mistry154, S. Mitra11, V. P. Mitrofanov98, G. Mitselmakher77, R. Mittleman75, O. Miyakawa189, K. Miyo189, S. Miyoki189, Geoffrey Mo75, L. M. Modafferi143, E. Moguel235, K. Mogushi96, S. R. P. Mohapatra75, S. R. Mohite6, I. Molina44, M. Molina-Ruiz190, M. Mondin91, M. Montani55,56, C. J. Moore14, J. Moragues143, D. Moraru73, F. Morawski87, A. More11, C. Moreno36, G. Moreno73, Y. Mori199, S. Morisaki6, N. Morisue175, Y. Moriwaki209, B. Mours162, C. M. Mow-Lowry60,97, S. Mozzon52, F. Muciaccia105,58, Arunava Mukherjee240, D. Mukherjee148, Soma Mukherjee90, Subroto Mukherjee85, Suvodip Mukherjee161,38, N. Mukund9,10, A. Mullavey57, J. Munch89, E. A. Muñiz68, P. G. Murray24, R. Musenich93,119, S. Muusse89, S. L. Nadji9,10, K. Nagano241, A. Nagar23,242, K. Nakamura20, H. Nakano243, M. Nakano187, Y. Nakayama199, V. Napolano47, I. Nardecchia124,125, T. Narikawa187, H. Narola66, L. Naticchioni58, B. Nayak91, R. K. Nayak244, B. F. Neil94, J. Neilson88,104, A. Nelson184, T. J. N. Nelson57, M. Nery9,10, P. Neubauer235, A. Neunzert212, K. Y. Ng75, S. W. S. Ng89, C. Nguyen45, P. Nguyen67, T. Nguyen75, L. Nguyen Quynh245, J. Ni147, W.-T. Ni205,177,130, S. A. Nichols7, T. Nishimoto187, A. Nishizawa28, S. Nissanke38,60, E. Nitoglia139, F. Nocera47, M. Norman17, C. North17, S. Nozaki188, G. Nurbek90, L. K. Nuttall52, Y. Obayashi187, J. Oberling73, B. D. O’Brien77, J. O’Dell194, E. Oelker24, W. Ogaki187, G. Oganesyan32,108, J. J. Oh63, K. Oh195, S. H. Oh63, M. Ohashi189, T. Ohashi175, M. Ohkawa174, F. Ohme9,10, H. Ohta28, M. A. Okada16, Y. Okutani196, C. Olivetto47, K. Oohara187,246, R. Oram57, B. O’Reilly57, R. G. Ormiston147, N. D. Ormsby64, R. O’Shaughnessy129, E. O’Shea179, S. Oshino189, S. Ossokine112, C. Osthelder1, S. Otabe2, D. J. Ottaway89, H. Overmier57, A. E. Pace148, G. Pagano79,18, R. Pagano7, M. A. Page94, G. Pagliaroli32,108, A. Pai107, S. A. Pai95, S. Pal244, J. R. Palamos67, O. Palashov213, C. Palomba58, H. Pan130, K.-C. Pan130, P. K. Panda201, P. T. H. Pang60,66, C. Pankow15, F. Pannarale105,58, B. C. Pant95, F. H. Panther94, F. Paoletti18, A. Paoli47, A. Paolone58,247, G. Pappas198, A. Parisi134, H. Park6, J. Park248, W. Parker57, D. Pascucci60,86, A. Pasqualetti47, R. Passaquieti79,18, D. Passuello18, M. Patel64, M. Pathak89, B. Patricelli47,18, A. S. Patron7, S. Paul67, E. Payne5, M. Pedraza1, R. Pedurand104, M. Pegoraro82, A. Pele57, F. E. Peña Arellano189, S. Penano78, S. Penn249, A. Perego99,100, A. Pereira26, T. Pereira250, C. J. Perez73, C. Périgois30, C. C. Perkins77, A. Perreca99,100, S. Perriès139, D. Pesios198, J. Petermann128, D. Petterson1, H. P. Pfeiffer112, H. Pham57, K. A. Pham147, K. S. Phukon60,210, H. Phurailatpam131, O. J. Piccinni58, M. Pichot37, M. Piendibene79,18, F. Piergiovanni55,56, L. Pierini105,58, V. Pierro88,104, G. Pillant47, M. Pillas46, F. Pilo18, L. Pinard155, C. Pineda-Bosque91, I. M. Pinto88,104,251, M. Pinto47, B. J. Piotrzkowski6, K. Piotrzkowski59, M. Pirello73, M. D. Pitkin192, A. Placidi40,80, E. Placidi105,58, M. L. Planas143, W. Plastino252,233, C. Pluchar253, R. Poggiani79,18, E. Polini30, L. Pompili112, D. Y. T. Pong131, S. Ponrathnam11,a, E. K. Porter45, R. Poulton47, A. Poverman83, J. Powell141, M. Pracchia30, T. Pradier162, A. K. Prajapati85, K. Prasai78, R. Prasanna201, G. Pratten14, M. Principe88,251,104, G. A. Prodi254,100, L. Prokhorov14, P. Prosposito124,125, L. Prudenzi112, A. Puecher60,66, M. Punturo40, F. Puosi18,79, P. Puppo58, M. Pürrer112, H. Qi17, N. Quartey64, V. Quetschke90, P. J. Quinonez36, R. Quitzow-James96, N. Qutob48, F. J. Raab73, G. Raaijmakers38,60, H. Radkins73, N. Radulesco37, P. Raffai152, S. X. Rail222, S. Raja95, C. Rajan95, K. E. Ramirez57, T. D. Ramirez44, A. Ramos-Buades112, J. Rana148, P. Rapagnani105,58, A. Ray6, V. Raymond17, N. Raza180, M. Razzano79,18, J. Read44, L. A. Rees42, T. Regimbau30, L. Rei93, S. Reid33, S. W. Reid64, D. H. Reitze1,77, P. Relton17, A. Renzini1, P. Rettegno22,23, B. Revenu45, A. Reza60, M. Rezac44, F. Ricci105,58, D. Richards194, J. W. Richardson255, L. Richardson184, G. Riemenschneider22,23, K. Riles183, S. Rinaldi79,18, K. Rink180, N. A. Robertson1, R. Robie1, F. Robinet46, A. Rocchi125, S. Rodriguez44, L. Rolland30, J. G. Rollins1, M. Romanelli106, R. Romano3,4, C. L. Romel73, A. Romero31, I. M. Romero-Shaw5, J. H. Romie57, S. Ronchini32,108, L. Rosa4,25, C. A. Rose6, D. Rosińska110, M. P. Ross256, S. Rowan24, S. J. Rowlinson14, Santosh Roy11, Soumen Roy257,66, D. Rozza122,123, P. Ruggi47, K. Ruiz-Rocha176, K. Ryan73, S. Sachdev148, T. Sadecki73, J. Sadiq115, S. Saha130, Y. Saito189, K. Sakai258, M. Sakellariadou61, S. Sakon148, O. S. Salafia72,71,70, F. Salces-Carcoba1, L. Salconi47, M. Saleem147, F. Salemi99,100, A. Samajdar71, E. J. Sanchez1, J. H. Sanchez44, L. E. Sanchez1, N. Sanchis-Gual259, J. R. Sanders260, A. Sanuy29, T. R. Saravanan11, N. Sarin5, B. Sassolas155, H. Satari94, B. S. Sathyaprakash148,17, O. Sauter77, R. L. Savage73, V. Savant11, T. Sawada175, H. L. Sawant11, S. Sayah155, D. Schaetzl1, M. Scheel136, J. Scheuer15, M. G. Schiworski89, P. Schmidt14, S. Schmidt66, R. Schnabel128, M. Schneewind9,10, R. M. S. Schofield67, A. Schönbeck128, B. W. Schulte9,10, B. F. Schutz17,9,10, E. Schwartz17, J. Scott24, S. M. Scott8, M. Seglar-Arroyo30, Y. Sekiguchi261, D. Sellers57, A. S. Sengupta257, D. Sentenac47, E. G. Seo131, V. Sequino25,4, A. Sergeev213, Y. Setyawati9,10,66, T. Shaffer73, M. S. Shahriar15, M. A. Shaikh19, B. Shams158, L. Shao197, A. Sharma32,108, P. Sharma95, P. Shawhan111, N. S. Shcheblanov226, A. Sheela239, Y. Shikano262,263, M. Shikauchi28, H. Shimizu264, K. Shimode189, H. Shinkai265, T. Shishido54, A. Shoda20, D. H. Shoemaker75, D. M. Shoemaker168, S. ShyamSundar95, M. Sieniawska59, D. Sigg73, L. Silenzi40,41, L. P. Singer118, D. Singh148, M. K. Singh19, N. Singh110, A. Singha153,60, A. M. Sintes143, V. Sipala122,123, V. Skliris17, B. J. J. Slagmolen8, T. J. Slaven-Blair94, J. Smetana14, J. R. Smith44, L. Smith24, R. J. E. Smith5, J. Soldateschi227,266,56, S. N. Somala267, K. Somiya2, I. Song130, K. Soni11, S. Soni75, V. Sordini139, F. Sorrentino93, N. Sorrentino79,18, R. Soulard37, T. Souradeep268,11, E. Sowell146, V. Spagnuolo153,60, A. P. Spencer24, M. Spera81,82, P. Spinicelli47, A. K. Srivastava85, V. Srivastava68, K. Staats15, C. Stachie37, F. Stachurski24, D. A. Steer45, J. Steinhoff112, J. Steinlechner153,60, S. Steinlechner153,60, N. Stergioulas198, D. J. Stops14, M. Stover235, K. A. Strain24, L. C. Strang121, G. Stratta269,58, M. D. Strong7, A. Strunk73, R. Sturani250, A. L. Stuver114,a, M. Suchenek87, S. Sudhagar11, V. Sudhir75, R. Sugimoto270,241, H. G. Suh6, A. G. Sullivan51, J. M. Sullivan48, T. Z. Summerscales271, L. Sun8, S. Sunil85, A. Sur87, J. Suresh28, P. J. Sutton17, Takamasa Suzuki174, Takanori Suzuki2, Toshikazu Suzuki187, B. L. Swinkels60, M. J. Szczepańczyk77, P. Szewczyk110, M. Tacca60, H. Tagoshi187, S. C. Tait24, H. Takahashi272, R. Takahashi20, S. Takano27, H. Takeda27, M. Takeda175, C. J. Talbot33, C. Talbot1, K. Tanaka273, Taiki Tanaka187, Takahiro Tanaka274, A. J. Tanasijczuk59, S. Tanioka189, D. B. Tanner77, D. Tao1, L. Tao77, R. D. Tapia148, E. N. Tapia San Martín60, C. Taranto124, A. Taruya275, J. D. Tasson159, R. Tenorio143, J. E. S. Terhune114, L. Terkowski128, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam11, M. Thomas57, P. Thomas73, E. E. Thompson48, J. E. Thompson17, S. R. Thondapu95, K. A. Thorne57, E. Thrane5, Shubhanshu Tiwari160, Srishti Tiwari11, V. Tiwari17, A. M. Toivonen147, A. E. Tolley52, T. Tomaru20, T. Tomura189, M. Tonelli79,18, Z. Tornasi24, A. Torres-Forné127, C. I. Torrie1, I. Tosta e Melo123, D. Töyrä8, A. Trapananti41,40, F. Travasso40,41, G. Traylor57, M. Trevor111, M. C. Tringali47, A. Tripathee183, L. Troiano276,104, A. Trovato45, L. Trozzo4,189, R. J. Trudeau1, D. Tsai130, K. W. Tsang60,277,66, T. Tsang278, J-S. Tsao231, M. Tse75, R. Tso136,a, S. Tsuchida175, L. Tsukada148, D. Tsuna28, T. Tsutsui28, K. Turbang279,202, M. Turconi37, D. Tuyenbayev175, A. S. Ubhi14, N. Uchikata187, T. Uchiyama189, R. P. Udall1, A. Ueda280, T. Uehara281,282, K. Ueno28, G. Ueshima283, C. S. Unnikrishnan284, A. L. Urban7, T. Ushiba189, A. Utina153,60, G. Vajente1, A. Vajpeyi5, G. Valdes184, M. Valentini99,100, V. Valsan6, N. van Bakel60, M. van Beuzekom60, M. van Dael60,285, J. F. J. van den Brand153,97,60, C. Van Den Broeck66,60, D. C. Vander-Hyde68, H. van Haevermaet202, J. V. van Heijningen59, M. H. P. M. van Putten286, N. van Remortel202, M. Vardaro210,60, A. F. Vargas121, V. Varma112, M. Vasúth76,a, A. Vecchio14, G. Vedovato82, J. Veitch24, P. J. Veitch89, J. Venneberg9,10, G. Venugopalan1, D. Verkindt30, P. Verma219, Y. Verma95, S. M. Vermeulen17, D. Veske51, F. Vetrano55, A. Viceré55,56, S. Vidyant68, A. D. Viets287, A. Vijaykumar19, V. Villa-Ortega115, J.-Y. Vinet37, A. Virtuoso237,35, S. Vitale75, H. Vocca80,40, E. R. G. von Reis73, J. S. A. von Wrangel9,10, C. Vorvick73, S. P. Vyatchanin98, L. E. Wade235, M. Wade235, K. J. Wagner129, R. Wald164, R. C. Walet60, M. Walker64, G. S. Wallace33, L. Wallace1, J. Wang177, J. Z. Wang183, W. H. Wang90, R. L. Ward8, J. Warner73, M. Was30, T. Washimi20, N. Y. Washington1, J. Watchi144, B. Weaver73, C. R. Weaving52, S. A. Webster24, M. Weinert9,10, A. J. Weinstein1, R. Weiss75,a, C. M. Weller256, R. A. Weller176, F. Wellmann9,10, L. Wen94, P. Weßels9,10, K. Wette8, J. T. Whelan129, D. D. White44, B. F. Whiting77, C. Whittle75, D. Wilken9,10, D. Williams24, M. J. Williams24, A. R. Williamson52, J. L. Willis1, B. Willke9,10, D. J. Wilson253, C. C. Wipf1, T. Wlodarczyk112, G. Woan24, J. Woehler9,10, J. K. Wofford129, D. Wong180, I. C. F. Wong131, M. Wright24, C. Wu130, D. S. Wu9,10, H. Wu130, D. M. Wysocki6, L. Xiao1, T. Yamada264, H. Yamamoto1, K. Yamamoto209, T. Yamamoto189, K. Yamashita199, R. Yamazaki196, F. W. Yang158, K. Z. Yang147, L. Yang166, Y.-C. Yang130, Y. Yang288, Yang Yang77, M. J. Yap8, D. W. Yeeles17, S.-W. Yeh130, A. B. Yelikar129, M. Ying130, J. Yokoyama28,27, T. Yokozawa189, J. Yoo179, T. Yoshioka199, Hang Yu136, Haocun Yu75, H. Yuzurihara187, A. Zadrożny219, M. Zanolin36, S. Zeidler289, T. Zelenova47, J.-P. Zendri82, M. Zevin164, M. Zhan177, H. Zhang231, J. Zhang94, L. Zhang1, R. Zhang77, T. Zhang14, Y. Zhang184, C. Zhao94, G. Zhao144, Y. Zhao187,20, Yue Zhao158, R. Zhou190, Z. Zhou15, X. J. Zhu5, Z.-H. Zhu120,229, A. B. Zimmerman168, M. E. Zucker1,75, and J. Zweizig1 (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration)
- 1LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- 2Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- 3Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- 4INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- 5OzGrav, School of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
- 6University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
- 7Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- 8OzGrav, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
- 9Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- 10Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
- 11Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
- 12University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- 13Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- 14University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- 15Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- 16Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
- 17Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
- 18INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- 19International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560089, India
- 20Gravitational Wave Science Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- 21Advanced Technology Center, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- 22Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- 23INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- 24SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- 25Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- 26Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- 27Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- 28Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU), The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- 29Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- 30Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
- 31Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- 32Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- 33SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
- 34Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
- 35INFN, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- 36Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
- 37Artemis, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- 38GRAPPA, Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy and Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 39Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science Building, 2nd floor, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Ilissia, Greece
- 40INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- 41Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
- 42American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
- 43Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- 44California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
- 45Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75006 Paris, France
- 46Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- 47European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
- 48Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- 49Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai 603103, India
- 50Department of Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
- 51Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- 52University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
- 53Kamioka Branch, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- 54The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- 55Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
- 56INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
- 57LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA
- 58INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- 59Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- 60Nikhef, Science Park 105, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 61King’s College London, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
- 62Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- 63National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
- 64Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- 65School of High Energy Accelerator Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- 66Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- 67University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- 68Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- 69Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- 70Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- 71INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, I-20126 Milano, Italy
- 72INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sede di Merate, I-23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy
- 73LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
- 74Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Università di Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- 75LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- 76Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- 77University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- 78Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- 79Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- 80Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- 81Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- 82INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- 83Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY 12504, USA
- 84Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- 85Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
- 86Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
- 87Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland
- 88Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
- 89OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- 90The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
- 91California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
- 92Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edificio C Facultad de Ciencias 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- 93INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- 94OzGrav, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- 95RRCAT, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452013, India
- 96Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
- 97Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 98Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- 99Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- 100INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- 101SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- 102Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
- 103Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello”, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- 104INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Gruppo Collegato di Salerno, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- 105Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- 106Univ Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, F-3500 Rennes, France
- 107Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
- 108INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, I-67100 Assergi, Italy
- 109Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
- 110Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
- 111University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- 112Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
- 113L2IT, Laboratoire des 2 Infinis - Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- 114Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- 115IGFAE, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Spain
- 116Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- 117Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
- 118NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- 119Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
- 120Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- 121OzGrav, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- 122Università degli Studi di Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- 123INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95125 Catania, Italy
- 124Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- 125INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- 126University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
- 127Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- 128Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
- 129Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
- 130National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
- 131The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
- 132Department of Applied Physics, Fukuoka University, Jonan, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
- 133OzGrav, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
- 134Department of Physics, Tamkang University, Danshui Dist., New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- 135Department of Physics, Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- 136CaRT, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- 137Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIIN), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- 138Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- 139Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- 140INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- 141OzGrav, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia
- 142Université libre de Bruxelles, Avenue Franklin Roosevelt 50–1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- 143IAC3–IEEC, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- 144Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
- 145Departamento de Matemáticas, Universitat de València, E-46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- 146Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- 147University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- 148The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- 149University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- 150Bellevue College, Bellevue, WA 98007, USA
- 151Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 7–56126 Pisa, Italy
- 152Eötvös University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
- 153Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
- 154The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- 155Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, UMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- 156Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- 157INFN, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
- 158The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- 159Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
- 160University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- 161Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
- 162Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- 163West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- 164University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- 165Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
- 166Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- 167Institute for Nuclear Research, Bem t’er 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
- 168University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- 169CNR-SPIN, c/o Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- 170Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
- 171Observatori Astronòmic, Universitat de València, E-46980 Paterna, València, Spain
- 172Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e do Porto, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, PT-4710–057 Braga, Portugal
- 173Department of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, Mitaka City, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- 174Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- 175Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- 176Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- 177State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology (APM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiao Hong Shan, Wuhan 430071, China
- 178University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
- 179Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- 180University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- 181INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
- 182The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- 183University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- 184Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- 185Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- 186Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
- 187Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- 188Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- 189Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), KAGRA Observatory, The University of Tokyo, Kamioka-cho, Hida City, Gifu 506-1205, Japan
- 190University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- 191Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, Netherlands
- 192Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
- 193College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino City, Chiba 275-8575, Japan
- 194Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- 195Department of Astronomy & Space Science, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- 196Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- 197Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China
- 198Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- 199Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- 200Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- 201Directorate of Construction, Services & Estate Management, Mumbai 400094, India
- 202Universiteit Antwerpen, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
- 203University of Białystok, 15-424 Białystok, Poland
- 204Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- 205National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- 206School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- 207University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- 208Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- 209Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
- 210Institute for High-Energy Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- 211Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
- 212University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
- 213Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
- 214Inje University Gimhae, South Gyeongsang 50834, Republic of Korea
- 215Department of Physics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
- 216Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- 217School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
- 218Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00656 Warsaw, Poland
- 219National Center for Nuclear Research, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
- 220Instituto de Fisica Teorica, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- 221Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- 222Université de Montréal/Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- 223Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CNRS, F-06304 Nice, France
- 224Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- 225Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Republic of Korea
- 226NAVIER, École des Ponts, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
- 227Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy
- 228Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
- 229School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- 230National Center for High-performance computing, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu City 30076, Taiwan
- 231Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, sec. IV, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- 232NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA
- 233INFN, Sezione di Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- 234ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
- 235Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA
- 236School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- 237Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
- 238Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- 239Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- 240Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, West Bengal 700064, India
- 241Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JAXA), Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-0222, Japan
- 242Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques, F-91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France
- 243Faculty of Law, Ryukoku University, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan
- 244Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
- 245Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- 246Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- 247Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- 248Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
- 249Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
- 250International Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal RN 59078-970, Brazil
- 251Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche “Enrico Fermi”, I-00184 Roma, Italy
- 252Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, I-00146 Roma, Italy
- 253University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- 254Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Matematica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
- 255University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- 256University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- 257Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
- 258Department of Electronic Control Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-8532, Japan
- 259Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Aveiro and Centre for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications, Campus de Santiago, 3810-183 Aveiro, Portugal
- 260Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- 261Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi City, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
- 262Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
- 263Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
- 264Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- 265Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-0196, Japan
- 266INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
- 267Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Khandi, Telangana 502285, India
- 268Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- 269Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali di Roma, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma RM, Italy
- 270Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Sagamihara City, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
- 271Andrews University, Berrien Springs, MI 49104, USA
- 272Research Center for Space Science, Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-0082, Japan
- 273Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), Research Center for Cosmic Neutrinos (RCCN), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
- 274Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- 275Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- 276Dipartimento di Scienze Aziendali - Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- 277Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- 278Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- 279Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
- 280Applied Research Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- 281Department of Communications Engineering, National Defense Academy of Japan, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan
- 282Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- 283Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka City, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
- 284Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
- 285Eindhoven University of Technology, Postbus 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- 286Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
- 287Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
- 288Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- 289Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
- *Full author list given at the end of the article.
- aDeceased.
Phys. Rev. D 112, 084080 – Published 31 October, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.112.084080
Abstract
The ever-increasing number of detections of gravitational waves from compact binaries by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors allows us to perform ever-more sensitive tests of general relativity (GR) in the dynamical and strong-field regime of gravity. We perform a suite of tests of GR using the compact binary signals observed during the second half of the third observing run of those detectors. We restrict our analysis to the 15 confident signals that have false alarm rates . In addition to signals consistent with binary black hole mergers, the new events include GW200115_042309, a signal consistent with a neutron star–black hole merger. We find the residual power, after subtracting the best fit waveform from the data for each event, to be consistent with the detector noise. Additionally, we find all the post-Newtonian deformation coefficients to be consistent with the predictions from GR, with an improvement by a factor of in the parameter. We also find that the spin-induced quadrupole moments of the binary black hole constituents are consistent with those of Kerr black holes in GR. We find no evidence for dispersion of gravitational waves, non-GR modes of polarization, or post-merger echoes in the events that were analyzed. We update the bound on the mass of the graviton, at 90% credibility, to . The final mass and final spin as inferred from the premerger and postmerger parts of the waveform are consistent with each other. The studies of the properties of the remnant black holes, including deviations of the quasinormal mode frequencies and damping times, show consistency with the predictions of GR. In addition to considering signals individually, we also combine results from the catalog of gravitational waves signals to calculate more precise population constraints. We find no evidence in support of physics beyond general relativity.