• Accepted Paper

Field-Level emulator for f(R) gravity and massive neutrino cosmologies

J. Bayron Orjuela-Quintana, Mauricio Reyes, Elena Giusarma, Marco Baldi, Neerav Kaushal, and César A. Valenzuela-Toledo

Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 28 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xs84-hchv

Abstract

Accurate modeling of non-linear gravitational dynamics is essential for constraining extensions to the standard cosmological model using large-scale structure observations. While high-resolution N-body simulations provide the required fidelity, they are computationally prohibitive for the large ensembles needed to analyze Modified Gravity (MG) scenarios. We present , a field-level emulator based on a convolutional neural network that upgrades fast, approximate simulations to near–N-body accuracy at a fraction of the computational cost. Trained on a suite of simulations for f(R) gravity, achieves nearly sub-percent accuracy (≲1%) in both the matter power spectrum and bispectrum up to k≃1hMpc−1 on its training domain. Crucially, although being trained on a fixed cosmology with variations restricted to the modified gravity sector, the network generalizes robustly to cosmologies outside its training manifold keeping the error below 10%. Furthermore, within the standard gravity regime, it successfully recovers the General Relativity limit ΛCDM without introducing spurious MG signals and accurately captures the power suppression induced by massive neutrinos (Mν≤0.4 eV), despite being trained on cosmologies with massless neutrinos. The pipeline delivers a speed-up factor of ∼31× relative to full N-body runs, generating a high-fidelity realization in ∼16.3 CPU-hours compared to ∼500 CPU-hours for the baseline. This accuracy–efficiency trade-off establishes as a powerful tool for generating the massive mock catalogs required for next-generation galaxy surveys.

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