- Accepted Paper
When violation hides in plain sight: How measurements are compromised and how to fix them
Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 6 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/snzw-76xl
Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 6 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/snzw-76xl
The extraction of the leptonic charge-parity (CP)-violating phase $\delta_{\rm CP}$ from long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rests on the assumption of charge-parity-time (CPT) conservation. We show that CPT violation, parametrized as an asymmetry between neutrino and antineutrino mass splittings, induces an effective, energy-dependent phase shift $\phi_{\rm eff}(E)$ that is functionally degenerate with $\delta_{\rm CP}$ in the appearance asymmetry . This has a profound implication for long-baseline experiments, where the tension between T2K and NOA CPT-conserving best-fit $\delta_{\rm CP}$ values can be significantly alleviated by a CPT-violating truth; and a CPT-conserving fit can miss the true CP phase entirely for for DUNE. We then demonstrate that atmospheric neutrino telescopes provide the natural tool to resolve this degeneracy: using existing data from IceCube-DeepCore (7.74 yr) and KM3NeT/ORCA-6 (433 kt-yr), we derive a world-leading constraint on CPT-violation at at 90% CL. With the IceCube Upgrade and full ORCA detector, we can reach a constraint at within a decade, providing the independent CPT constraint needed to ensure that DUNE’s $\delta_{\rm CP}$ measurement is unambiguous.
If the author has provided any supplemental materials with this article they will be available upon publication of the version of record.