• Accepted Paper

Loop-string-hadron approach to SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills theory. II. Operator representation for the trivalent vertex

Saurabh V. Kadam, Aahiri Naskar, Indrakshi Raychowdhury, and Jesse R. Stryker

Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 17 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lz46-6qp5

Abstract

This work is the second installment of a series on the loop-string-hadron (LSH) approach to SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills theory. Here, we present the infinite-dimensional matrix representation for arbitrary gauge-invariant operators at a trivalent vertex, which results in a standalone framework for computations that supersedes the underlying Schwinger-boson framework. To that end, we present a partial summary of the commutation relations and use it to evaluate the result of applying any gauge-invariant operator on the LSH basis states introduced in Part I [Phys. Rev. D 111, 074516 (2025)]. Classical calculations in the LSH basis run significantly faster than equivalent calculations performed using Schwinger bosons. A companion code script is provided, which implements the derived formulas and aims to facilitate rapid progress towards Hamiltonian-based calculations of quantum chromodynamics.

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