• Accepted Paper

Non-Abelian A4 vortices in SO(3) gauge theory and noninvertible symmetries

Yoshihiko Abe, Tetsutaro Higaki, Kazuya Murakami, Muneto Nitta, and Ryo Yokokura

Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 1 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bz2v-mls7

Abstract

We construct finite-tension non-Abelian vortex solutions in a renormalizable (3+1)-dimensional SO(3) gauge theory Higgsed to the tetrahedral group A4 by a Higgs field in the spin-3 representation. Since the vacuum manifold is SO(3)/A4, the vortices are characterized by the non-Abelian fundamental group π1(SO(3)/A4)≃Ã4, the binary tetrahedral group. We obtain explicit axisymmetric vortex solutions carrying holonomies corresponding to the order-two and order-three conjugacy classes of A4, determine their tensions numerically, and show that they exhibit type-I, type-II, and Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield-like behavior depending on the Higgs and gauge boson mass ratios. The vortices are classified by conjugacy classes of Ã4, while their infrared descriptions are labeled by conjugacy classes of A4. We further demonstrate that the smooth finite-tension vortices reduce in the infrared to Gukov–Witten surface operators of the A4 discrete gauge theory, thereby establishing a finite-energy ultraviolet completion of non-invertible defects in a renormalizable gauge-Higgs theory.

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