We study the sensitivity of a future muon collider to exotic Higgs decays in a minimal scenario of Standard Model (SM) augmented with a light singlet scalar $S$. We consider the decay $h\to SS$ and $S$’s subsequently decay back to SM. In particular, we focus on final states with four bottom quarks ($4b$), and two bottom quarks and two muons ($2b2\mu$). Analyses are performed for two muon collider benchmark configurations: center-of-mass collision energy $\sqrt{s}=3TeV$ with $1{ab}^{-1}$ data and $\sqrt{s}=10TeV$ with $10{ab}^{-1}$ data. Machine-learning techniques are applied to suppress backgrounds and mitigate jet-combinatorics effects in both channels. We find that the $4b$ mode could be sensitive to the branching ratio, BR$(h\to SS\to 4b)$, of ${\cal O}(10^{-2})$ at 3~TeV and ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$ at 10~TeV, significantly improving upon high-luminosity LHC projections. In the Higgs-portal model with $S$ coupling to SM only through mixing with the Higgs, the sensitivities to BR$(h\to SS)$ remain at the same level given ${\cal O}(1)$ branching fraction of $S$ decaying into $b$-quarks. The $2b2\mu$ mode benefits from a clean dimuon resonance and can probe BR$(h\to SS\to 2b2\mu )$ down to ${10}^{-5}$ level at a $10TeV$ muon collider. But the sensitivity to BR$(h\to SS)$ will be significantly reduced due to the small branching fraction of $S$ decaying into muons in the Higgs portal model.