• Accepted Paper

Residual Galactic binary foreground in LISA stochastic gravitational-wave background inference: Source power concentration and spectral degeneracy

Ruo-Yu Guan and Yan Wang

Phys. Rev. D - Accepted 4 November, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4779-jw6l

Abstract

Galactic compact binaries are expected to form a dominant millihertz foreground for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), and residual foreground power can bias stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) inference or increase its uncertainty. Using the LISA Data Challenge 2A (LDC2A) injections and the Erebor injection-recovery match, we construct a catalog residual spectrum from (0.4) to (6.0,{}). We distinguish two effects. The first is the departure from Gaussianity of a sum of source signals with independent random phases, quantified by its excess kurtosis; the second is the spectral degeneracy between the residual and the SGWB in the mean binned power. Source discreteness determines the excess kurtosis of this sum, but instrumental noise and fiducial SGWB power strongly reduce its magnitude in most bins. We quantify this degeneracy with a local Fisher information matrix for the SGWB amplitude (_0) and the residual-power factor (). For a frequency-independent SGWB with (_0=10^{-11}) and residual power distributed uniformly over the Fourier frequencies within each bin, marginalizing over () increases the (_0) uncertainty by (13.6%) with the Gaussian Fourier-amplitude covariance and by (13.8%) with the finite-source diagonal random-phase covariance. Under the Gaussian Fourier-amplitude covariance, the largest allowed prior standard deviation on () that limits this increase to (10%) is (0.0073). With this covariance recomputed at each fiducial amplitude, the uncertainty increase ranges from (12.7%) to (20.7%) over (10^{-13}_0^{-10}). The residual–SGWB spectral degeneracy persists under alternative distributions of residual power over Fourier frequencies and diagonal covariances, while omitting the residual induces a systematic bias in the fitted SGWB amplitude.

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