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Probing anomalous quartic gauge couplings via vector boson scattering at the same-sign muon collider

Lopamudra Mukherjee ^1,* and Abhik Sarkar ^2,†

¹Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
²Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India

^*Contact author: lopamudra.physics@gmail.com
^†Contact author: sarkar.abhik@iitg.ac.in

Phys. Rev. D 114, 055042 – Published 28 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zw44-5zh8

Abstract

The measurement of quartic gauge couplings (QGCs) provides a crucial test of the non-Abelian gauge structure of the Standard Model and offers sensitivity to new physics effects. In this work, we explore the potential of the proposed multi-TeV same-sign muon collider, $μ TRISTAN$ , to probe anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs) through vector boson scattering (VBS) processes. Owing to the same-sign initial state, s-channel contributions are absent, rendering VBS as the dominant production mode and thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity to aQGCs. Using dimension-8 Standard Model Effective Field Theory operators, we classify the relevant operator sets contributing to charged and neutral QGCs, and confront them with existing bounds from the LHC. A detailed collider analysis is performed across multiple final states: $2 V 2 ν$ , $V γ ℓ ν$ , $2 V ℓ ν$ , $2 γ 2 ℓ$ , and $2 V 2 ℓ$ ( $V = reconstructed W and Z boson$ ), applying optimized selection strategies. We present the projected sensitivities at the $μ TRISTAN$ with center-of-mass energies 2 TeV and 6 TeV, with integrated luminosities of $1 {ab}^{- 1}$ and $10 {ab}^{- 1}$ , and demonstrate significant improvements over current experimental limits from the LHC. Our results establish $μ TRISTAN$ as a powerful probe of electroweak symmetry breaking dynamics and aQGCs in a model-independent framework.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 055042– Published 28 September, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2026

Received 11 May 2026
Accepted 21 August 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zw44-5zh8

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society

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Probing anomalous quartic gauge couplings via vector boson scattering at the same-sign muon collider

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