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Gravitational wave detection with plasma haloscopes

Rodolfo Capdevilla1, Graciela B. Gelmini2, Jonah Hyman2, Alexander J. Millar1,3, and Edoardo Vitagliano4,5

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 055011 – Published 9 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/zn2s-2jp6

Abstract

Searches for high frequency gravitational waves using cavities based on the Gertsenshtein effect were recently proposed, building off existing axion dark matter experiments. In particular, the sensitivity of axion dark matter experiments using metamaterial plasmas (tunable plasma haloscopes) to gravitational waves has not been explored in detail. Here we perform a full analysis of gravitational wave detection in plasma haloscopes, showing that the baseline design of experiments such as ALPHA is several orders of magnitude less sensitive than previously thought. We show how simple changes to the experiment can recover that sensitivity and lead to a powerful gravitational wave detector in the O(10–50)  GHz frequency range.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 055011– Published 9 September, 2025
  • Received 24 January 2025
  • Accepted 8 August 2025
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