- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Backward DVCS in a Sullivan process

Abigail R. Castro1, Cédric Mezrag1, Jose M. Morgado Chávez1,2, and Bernard Pire3

  • 1Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 2Departamento de Física Teórica and IFIC, Universitat de València and CSIC, 46100 Valencia, Spain
  • 3CPHT, CNRS, École polytechnique, I.P. Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France

PDF

Phys. Rev. D 112, 034009 – Published 14 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y9rw-b2xj

Abstract

Mesons’ internal structure and dynamics may be accessed through hard exclusive electroproduction processes such as deeply virtual Compton scattering in both near forward and near backward kinematics. With the help of the Sullivan process, which allows us to use a nucleon target as a quasireal π meson emitter, we study backward scattering in the framework of collinear QCD factorization where pion-to-photon transition distribution amplitudes describe the photon content of the π meson. We present a model of these transition distribution amplitudes based on the overlap of light-front wave functions primarily developed for generalized parton distributions, using a previously computed pion light-front wave function and deriving a new model for the light-front wave functions of the photon. This leads us to an estimate of the cross sections for JLab energies. We conclude that deeply virtual ep→eγMn processes, in backward kinematics, may be experimentally discovered in the near future.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (109)

  1. D. Mueller, D. Robaschik, B. Geyer, F. Dittes, and J. Hořejsi, Fortschr. Phys. 42, 101 (1994).
  2. X.-D. Ji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 610 (1997).
  3. X.-D. Ji, Phys. Rev. D 55, 7114 (1997).
  4. A. Radyushkin, Phys. Lett. B 385, 333 (1996).
  5. A. V. Radyushkin, Phys. Rev. D 56, 5524 (1997).
  6. J. C. Collins and A. Freund, Phys. Rev. D 59, 074009 (1999).
  7. M. Burkardt, Phys. Rev. D 62, 071503 (2000); 66, 119903(E) (2002).
  8. J. P. Ralston and B. Pire, Phys. Rev. D 66, 111501 (2002).
  9. M. Diehl, Eur. Phys. J. C 25, 223 (2002); 31, 277(E) (2003).
  10. M. Diehl, Phys. Rep. 388, 41 (2003).
  11. A. V. Belitsky and A. V. Radyushkin, Phys. Rep. 418, 1 (2005).
  12. M. Masuda et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 93, 032003 (2016).
  13. S. Kumano, Q.-T. Song, and O. V. Teryaev, Phys. Rev. D 97, 014020 (2018).
  14. M. Diehl, T. Gousset, B. Pire, and O. Teryaev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1782 (1998).
  15. M. V. Polyakov, Nucl. Phys. B555, 231 (1999).
  16. M. Diehl, T. Gousset, and B. Pire, Phys. Rev. D 62, 073014 (2000).
  17. B. Pire and L. Szymanowski, Phys. Lett. B 556, 129 (2003).
  18. D. Amrath, M. Diehl, and J.-P. Lansberg, Eur. Phys. J. C 58, 179 (2008).
  19. J. M. Morgado Chavez, V. Bertone, F. De Soto Borrero, M. Defurne, C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 105, 094012 (2022).
  20. J. M. M. Chávez, V. Bertone, F. De Soto Borrero, M. Defurne, C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 202501 (2022).
  21. J. D. Sullivan, Phys. Rev. D 5, 1732 (1972).
  22. S. R. Amendolia et al. (NA7 Collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B277, 168 (1986).
  23. G. M. Huber et al. (Jefferson Lab Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 78, 045203 (2008).
  24. P. C. Barry, N. Sato, W. Melnitchouk, and C.-R. Ji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 152001 (2018).
  25. P. C. Barry, C.-R. Ji, N. Sato, and W. Melnitchouk (Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 232001 (2021).
  26. P. C. Barry, L. Gamberg, W. Melnitchouk, E. Moffat, D. Pitonyak, A. Prokudin, and N. Sato (Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 108, L091504 (2023).
  27. S.-X. Qin, C. Chen, C. Mezrag, and C. D. Roberts, Phys. Rev. C 97, 015203 (2018).
  28. W. Broniowski, V. Shastry, and E. Ruiz Arriola, Phys. Lett. B 840, 137872 (2023).
  29. V. Shastry, W. Broniowski, and E. Ruiz Arriola, Phys. Rev. D 108, 114024 (2023).
  30. Y. Hatta and J. Schoenleber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 251901 (2025).
  31. S. Son and K. M. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2025) 119.
  32. G. S. Bali, V. M. Braun, M. Göckeler, M. Gruber, F. Hutzler, P. Korcyl, B. Lang, and A. Schäfer (RQCD Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 774, 91 (2017).
  33. B. Joó, J. Karpie, K. Orginos, A. V. Radyushkin, D. G. Richards, R. S. Sufian, and S. Zafeiropoulos, Phys. Rev. D 100, 114512 (2019).
  34. C. Alexandrou, S. Bacchio, I. Cloet, M. Constantinou, K. Hadjiyiannakou, G. Koutsou, and C. Lauer (ETM Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 103, 014508 (2021).
  35. J. Holligan, X. Ji, H.-W. Lin, Y. Su, and R. Zhang, Nucl. Phys. B993, 116282 (2023).
  36. H.-T. Ding, X. Gao, S. Mukherjee, P. Petreczky, Q. Shi, S. Syritsyn, and Y. Zhao, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2025) 056.
  37. C. Mezrag, L. Chang, H. Moutarde, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, F. Sabatié, and S. M. Schmidt, Phys. Lett. B 741, 190 (2015).
  38. C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, and J. Rodriguez-Quintero, Few Body Syst. 57, 729 (2016).
  39. N. Chouika, C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, and J. Rodríguez-Quintero, Phys. Lett. B 780, 287 (2018).
  40. M. Ding, K. Raya, D. Binosi, L. Chang, C. D. Roberts, and S. M. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. D 101, 054014 (2020).
  41. Z. F. Cui, M. Ding, J. M. Morgado, K. Raya, D. Binosi, L. Chang, J. Papavassiliou, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, and S. M. Schmidt, Eur. Phys. J. A 58, 10 (2022).
  42. Y. Lu, Y.-Z. Xu, K. Raya, C. D. Roberts, and J. Rodríguez-Quintero, Phys. Lett. B 850, 138534 (2024).
  43. K. Raya, A. Bashir, and J. Rodríguez-Quintero, Chin. Phys. Lett. 42, 020201 (2025).
  44. H.-D. Son and P. T. P. Hutauruk, Phys. Rev. D 111, 054007 (2025).
  45. C. A. Gayoso et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 342 (2021).
  46. B. Pire and L. Szymanowski, Phys. Rev. D 71, 111501 (2005).
  47. B. Pire, K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, and L. Szymanowski, Phys. Rep. 940, 1 (2021).
  48. K. Park et al. (CLAS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 780, 340 (2018).
  49. W. B. Li et al. (Jefferson Lab Fπ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 182501 (2019).
  50. B. Pire, K. M. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, A. A. Shaikhutdinova, and L. Szymanowski, AAPPS Bull. 33, 26 (2023).
  51. M. Burkardt, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 18, 173 (2003).
  52. J. P. Lansberg, B. Pire, and L. Szymanowski, Phys. Rev. D 73, 074014 (2006).
  53. N. Chouika, C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, and J. Rodríguez-Quintero, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 906 (2017).
  54. P. Dall’Olio, F. De Soto, C. Mezrag, J. M. Morgado Chávez, H. Moutarde, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, P. Sznajder, and J. Segovia, Phys. Rev. D 109, 096013 (2024).
  55. M. Diehl, T. Gousset, and B. Pire, Phys. Rev. D 59, 034023 (1999).
  56. J. C. Collins and M. Diehl, Phys. Rev. D 61, 114015 (2000).
  57. C. Mezrag, Few Body Syst. 63, 62 (2022).
  58. B. C. Tiburzi, Phys. Rev. D 72, 094001 (2005).
  59. W. Broniowski and E. Ruiz Arriola, Phys. Lett. B 649, 49 (2007).
  60. A. Courtoy, Generalized parton distributions of pions. Spin structure of hadrons, Ph.D. thesis, Universitat de Valencia, 2010, arXiv:1010.2974.
  61. J.-L. Zhang and J. Wu, Chin. Phys. C 48, 083106 (2024).
  62. M. Diehl, T. Feldmann, R. Jakob, and P. Kroll, Nucl. Phys. B596, 33 (2001); B605, 647(E) (2001).
  63. M. Burkardt, X.-d. Ji, and F. Yuan, Phys. Lett. B 545, 345 (2002).
  64. C. Mezrag, J. Segovia, M. Ding, L. Chang, and C. D. Roberts, Springer Proc. Phys. 238, 773 (2020).
  65. A. E. Dorokhov, W. Broniowski, and E. Ruiz Arriola, Phys. Rev. D 74, 054023 (2006).
  66. P. Ball, V. M. Braun, and N. Kivel, Nucl. Phys. B649, 263 (2003).
  67. C. Shi, Z. Yang, X. Chen, W. Jia, C. Luo, and W. Xiang, Phys. Rev. D 109, 034020 (2024).
  68. A. C. Aguilar, J. C. Cardona, M. N. Ferreira, and J. Papavassiliou, Phys. Rev. D 98, 014002 (2018).
  69. F. Gao, J. Papavassiliou, and J. M. Pawlowski, Phys. Rev. D 103, 094013 (2021).
  70. S.-X. Qin, L. Chang, Y.-X. Liu, C. D. Roberts, and S. M. Schmidt, Phys. Lett. B 722, 384 (2013).
  71. D. Binosi, L. Chang, J. Papavassiliou, S.-X. Qin, and C. D. Roberts, Phys. Rev. D 93, 096010 (2016).
  72. C. Mezrag and G. Salmè, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 34 (2021).
  73. J. S. Ball and T.-W. Chiu, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2542 (1980).
  74. P. Maris, C. D. Roberts, and P. C. Tandy, Phys. Lett. B 420, 267 (1998).
  75. C. Mezrag, H. Moutarde, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, and F. Sabatié, 2014).
  76. C. Mezrag, J. Segovia, L. Chang, and C. D. Roberts, Phys. Lett. B 783, 263 (2018).
  77. E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B120, 189 (1977).
  78. S. Friot, B. Pire, and L. Szymanowski, Phys. Lett. B 645, 153 (2007).
  79. I. R. Gabdrakhmanov and O. V. Teryaev, Phys. Lett. B 716, 417 (2012).
  80. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  81. A. Courtoy and S. Noguera, AIP Conf. Proc. 1038, 249 (2008).
  82. O. V. Teryaev, Phys. Lett. B 510, 125 (2001).
  83. B. Berthou et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 78, 478 (2018).
  84. Z. F. Cui, M. Ding, J. M. Morgado Chávez, K. Raya, D. Binosi, L. Chang, F. De Soto, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, and S. M. Schmidt, Phys. Rev. D 105, L091502 (2022).
  85. D. Binosi, C. Mezrag, J. Papavassiliou, C. D. Roberts, and J. Rodriguez-Quintero, Phys. Rev. D 96, 054026 (2017).
  86. Z.-F. Cui, J.-L. Zhang, D. Binosi, F. de Soto, C. Mezrag, J. Papavassiliou, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Segovia, and S. Zafeiropoulos, Chin. Phys. C 44, 083102 (2020).
  87. M. Peláez, U. Reinosa, J. Serreau, M. Tissier, and N. Wschebor, Rep. Prog. Phys. 84, 124202 (2021).
  88. Z.-F. Cui, M. Ding, F. Gao, K. Raya, D. Binosi, L. Chang, C. D. Roberts, J. Rodriguez-Quintero, and S. M. Schmidt, Eur. Phys. J. A 57, 5 (2021).
  89. P.-L. Yin, Y.-Z. Xu, Z.-F. Cui, C. D. Roberts, and J. Rodríguez-Quintero, Chin. Phys. Lett. 40, 091201 (2023).
  90. V. Bertone, Proc. Sci., DIS2017 (2018) 201 [arXiv:1708.00911].
  91. V. Bertone, S. Carrazza, and J. Rojo, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 1647 (2014).
  92. V. Bertone, H. Dutrieux, C. Mezrag, J. M. Morgado Chávez, and H. Moutarde, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 888 (2022).
  93. V. Bertone, R. F. del Castillo, M. G. Echevarria, O. del Río, and S. Rodini, Phys. Rev. D 109, 034023 (2024).
  94. X.-D. Ji and J. Osborne, Phys. Rev. D 58, 094018 (1998).
  95. J. C. Collins, L. Frankfurt, and M. Strikman, Phys. Rev. D 56, 2982 (1997).
  96. A. Accardi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 60, 173 (2024).
  97. D. Müller, T. Lautenschlager, K. Passek-Kumericki, and A. Schaefer, Nucl. Phys. B884, 438 (2014).
  98. G. Duplančić, D. Müller, and K. Passek-Kumerički, Phys. Lett. B 771, 603 (2017).
  99. V. M. Braun, A. N. Manashov, D. Müller, and B. M. Pirnay, Phys. Rev. D 89, 074022 (2014).
  100. V. M. Braun, Y. Ji, and A. N. Manashov, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2023) 078.
  101. V. Martinez-Fernandez, B. Pire, P. Sznajder, and J. Wagner, Phys. Rev. D 111, 074034 (2025).
  102. C. Lorcé, B. Pire, and Q.-T. Song, Phys. Rev. D 106, 094030 (2022).
  103. B. Pire and Q.-T. Song, Phys. Rev. D 107, 114014 (2023).
  104. B. Pire and Q.-T. Song, Phys. Rev. D 109, 074016 (2024).
  105. V. M. Braun and A. N. Manashov, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2012) 085.
  106. D. Amrath, Exclusive scattering off the deuteron, Ph.D. thesis, Hamburg University, 2007.
  107. V. G. J. Stoks, R. Timmermans, and J. J. de Swart, Phys. Rev. C 47, 512 (1993).
  108. J. R. McKenney, N. Sato, W. Melnitchouk, and C.-R. Ji, Phys. Rev. D 93, 054011 (2016).
  109. J. M. Morgado Chávez, Generalized parton distributions of the pion: Modeling, Xevolutionand observable implications, Ph.D. thesis, Huelva University, 2022.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 112, 034009– Published 14 August, 2025
  • Received 8 April 2025
  • Accepted 22 July 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation