- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Spectroscopic properties of 1F-wave singly bottom baryons

Zi-Le Zhang1,2,4 and Si-Qiang Luo1,2,3,4,*

  • 1School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 3MoE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 4Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

  • *Contact author: luosq15@lzu.edu.cn
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074020 – Published 17 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/y6gk-2dcw

Abstract

This study investigates the mass spectra and decay behaviors of the experimentally unobserved 1F-wave singly bottom baryons. Calculating their mass spectra could provide crucial guidance for determining their spectroscopic positions. Additionally, by analyzing their decay properties, we could predict the important decay channels, which are essential for experimental searches and quantum number assignments. Our calculations aim to support ongoing experimental and theoretical efforts in singly bottom baryon spectroscopy.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (114)

  1. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), LHCb detector performance, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 30, 1530022 (2015).
  2. S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, J. Instrum. 3, S08004 (2008).
  3. H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, A review of the open charm and open bottom systems, Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 076201 (2017).
  4. F. K. Guo, C. Hanhart, U. G. Meißner, Q. Wang, Q. Zhao, and B. S. Zou, Hadronic molecules, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015004 (2018); 94, 029901(E) (2022).
  5. H. Y. Cheng, Charmed baryons circa 2015, Front. Phys. (Beijing) 10, 101406 (2015).
  6. N. Brambilla, S. Eidelman, C. Hanhart, A. Nefediev, C. P. Shen, C. E. Thomas, A. Vairo, and C. Z. Yuan, The XYZ states: Experimental and theoretical status and perspectives, Phys. Rep. 873, 1 (2020).
  7. Y. R. Liu, H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, Pentaquark and Tetraquark states, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 107, 237 (2019).
  8. H. X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, Y. R. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, An updated review of the new hadron states, Rep. Prog. Phys. 86, 026201 (2023).
  9. L. Meng, B. Wang, G. J. Wang, and S. L. Zhu, Chiral perturbation theory for heavy hadrons and chiral effective field theory for heavy hadronic molecules, Phys. Rep. 1019, 1 (2023).
  10. X. K. Dong, F. K. Guo, and B. S. Zou, A survey of heavy-antiheavy hadronic molecules, Prog. Phys. 41, 65 (2021).
  11. H. Y. Cheng, Charmed baryon physics circa 2021, Chin. J. Phys. (Taipei) 78, 324 (2022).
  12. E. Klempt and J. M. Richard, Baryon spectroscopy, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1095 (2010).
  13. F. Gross et al., 50 years of quantum chromodynamics, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 1125 (2023).
  14. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  15. P. Abreu et al. (DELPHI Collaboration), Production of strange B baryons decaying into Xi∓-ℓ∓ pairs at LEP, Z. Phys. C 68, 541 (1995).
  16. M. Basile et al., Evidence for a new particle with naked “Beauty” and for its associated production in high-energy (pp) interactions, Lett. Nuovo Cimento 31, 97 (1981).
  17. T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collaboration), First observation of heavy baryons Σb and Σb*, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 202001 (2007).
  18. V. M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collaboration), Observation of the doubly strange b baryon Ωb−, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 232002 (2008).
  19. S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of a new Ξb baryon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 252002 (2012).
  20. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of two new Ξb− baryon resonances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 062004 (2015).
  21. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of new baryons in the Ξb−π+π− and Ξb0π+π− systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 171901 (2023).
  22. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of two resonances in the Λb0π± systems and precise measurement of Σb± and Σb*± properties, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 012001 (2019).
  23. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of a new Ξb− resonance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 072002 (2018).
  24. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), First observation of excited Ωb− states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 082002 (2020).
  25. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of a new excited beauty strange baryon decaying to Ξb−π+π−, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 252003 (2021).
  26. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Study of excited Λb0 states decaying to Λb0π+π− in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV, Phys. Lett. B 803, 135345 (2020).
  27. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of excited Λb0 baryons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 172003 (2012).
  28. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of new resonances in the Λb0π+π− system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 152001 (2019).
  29. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of two new excited Ξb0 states decaying to Λb0K−π+, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 162001 (2022).
  30. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of a new baryon state in the Λb0π+π− mass spectrum, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2020) 136.
  31. J. G. Korner, M. Kramer, and D. Pirjol, Heavy baryons, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 33, 787 (1994).
  32. X. Liu, H. X. Chen, Y. R. Liu, A. Hosaka, and S. L. Zhu, Bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 77, 014031 (2008).
  33. M. Karliner, B. Keren-Zur, H. J. Lipkin, and J. L. Rosner, The quark model and b baryons, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 324, 2 (2009).
  34. T. M. Aliev, T. Barakat, and M. Savc𝚤, Analysis of the radiative decays ΣQ→ΛQγ and ΞQ′→ΞQγ in light cone sum rules, Phys. Rev. D 93, 056007 (2016).
  35. K. Azizi, Y. Sarac, and H. Sundu, New Λb(6072)0 state as a 2S bottom baryon, Phys. Rev. D 102, 034007 (2020).
  36. Z. G. Wang, Analysis of the Ωb(6316), Ωb(6330), Ωb(6340) and Ωb(6350) with QCD sum rules, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 35, 2050043 (2020).
  37. J. R. Zhang and M. Q. Huang, Mass spectra of the heavy baryons ΛQ and ΣQ(*) from QCD sum rules, Phys. Rev. D 77, 094002 (2008).
  38. D. Ebert, R. N. Faustov, and V. O. Galkin, Masses of heavy baryons in the relativistic quark model, Phys. Rev. D 72, 034026 (2005).
  39. Z. Ghalenovi, A. A. Rajabi, S. x. Qin, and D. H. Rischke, Ground-state masses and magnetic moments of heavy baryons, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 29, 1450106 (2014).
  40. K. Thakkar, Z. Shah, A. K. Rai, and P. C. Vinodkumar, Excited state mass spectra and Regge trajectories of bottom baryons, Nucl. Phys. A965, 57 (2017).
  41. K. W. Wei, B. Chen, N. Liu, Q. Q. Wang, and X. H. Guo, Spectroscopy of singly, doubly, and triply bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 95, 116005 (2017).
  42. Z. Ghalenovi and M. Moazzen Sorkhi, Mass spectra and decay properties of Σb and Λb baryons in a quark model, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 133, 301 (2018).
  43. W. J. Wang, L. Y. Xiao, and X. H. Zhong, Strong decays of the low-lying ρ-mode 1P-wave singly heavy baryons, Phys. Rev. D 106, 074020 (2022).
  44. Z. Y. Li, G. L. Yu, Z. G. Wang, and J. Z. Gu, Heavy quark dominance in orbital excitation of singly and doubly heavy baryons, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 106 (2024).
  45. X. Z. Weng, W. Z. Deng, and S. L. Zhu, Heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with chromodynamics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 056052 (2024).
  46. Z. Y. Li, G. L. Yu, Z. G. Wang, and J. Z. Gu, Heavy-quark dominance and fine structure of excited heavy baryons ΣQ, ΞQ′ and ΩQ, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 1310 (2024).
  47. H. M. Yang, H. X. Chen, E. L. Cui, A. Hosaka, and Q. Mao, Decay properties of P-wave bottom baryons within light-cone sum rules, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 80 (2020).
  48. Q. Mao, H. X. Chen, and H. M. Yang, Identifying the Λb(6146)0 and Λb(6152)0 as D-wave bottom baryons, Universe 6, 86 (2020).
  49. H. X. Chen, E. L. Cui, A. Hosaka, Q. Mao, and H. M. Yang, Excited Ωb baryons and fine structure of strong interaction, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 256 (2020).
  50. W. Liang and Q. F. Lü, The newly observed Λb(6072)0 structure and its ρ-mode nonstrange partners, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 690 (2020).
  51. H. M. Yang and H. X. Chen, P-wave bottom baryons of the SU(3) flavor 6F, Phys. Rev. D 101, 114013 (2020); 102, 079901(E) (2020).
  52. A. Majethiya, K. Thakkar, and P. C. Vinodkumar, Spectroscopy and decay properties of Σb, Λb baryons in quark–diquark model, Chin. J. Phys. 54, 495 (2016).
  53. Y. H. Zhou, W. J. Wang, L. Y. Xiao, and X. H. Zhong, Strong decays of low-lying D-wave Ξb and Ξb′ baryons with quark-pair creation model, Phys. Rev. D 108, 094032 (2023).
  54. B. Chen, S. Q. Luo, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, Interpretation of the observed Λb(6146)0 and Λb(6152)0 states as 1D bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 100, 094032 (2019).
  55. T. M. Aliev, K. Azizi, Y. Sarac, and H. Sundu, Determination of the quantum numbers of Σb(6097)± via their strong decays, Phys. Rev. D 99, 094003 (2019).
  56. T. M. Aliev, K. Azizi, Y. Sarac, and H. Sundu, Structure of the Ξb(6227)− resonance, Phys. Rev. D 98, 094014 (2018).
  57. P. Yang, J. J. Guo, and A. Zhang, Identification of the newly observed Σb(6097)± baryons from their strong decays, Phys. Rev. D 99, 034018 (2019).
  58. B. Chen, K. W. Wei, X. Liu, and A. Zhang, Role of newly discovered Ξb(6227)− for constructing excited bottom baryon family, Phys. Rev. D 98, 031502 (2018).
  59. E. L. Cui, H. M. Yang, H. X. Chen, and A. Hosaka, Identifying the Ξb(6227) and Σb(6097) as P-wave bottom baryons of JP=3/2−, Phys. Rev. D 99, 094021 (2019).
  60. W. Liang and Q. F. Lü, Strong decays of the newly observed narrow Ωb structures, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 198 (2020).
  61. W. J. Wang, Y. H. Zhou, L. Y. Xiao, and X. H. Zhong, 1D-wave bottom-strange baryons and possible interpretation of Ξb(6327)0 and Ξb(6333)0, Phys. Rev. D 105, 074008 (2022).
  62. R. Bijker, H. García-Tecocoatzi, A. Giachino, E. Ortiz-Pacheco, and E. Santopinto, Masses and decay widths of Ξc/b and Ξc/b′ baryons, Phys. Rev. D 105, 074029 (2022).
  63. S. S. Agaev, K. Azizi, and H. Sundu, Decay widths of the excited Ωb baryons, Phys. Rev. D 96, 094011 (2017).
  64. A. Kakadiya, Z. Shah, K. Gandhi, and A. K. Rai, Spectra and decay properties of Λb and Σb baryons, Few Body Syst. 63, 29 (2022).
  65. B. Chen, S. Q. Luo, and X. Liu, Universal behavior of mass gaps existing in the single heavy baryon family, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 474 (2021).
  66. W. H. Tan, H. M. Yang, and H. X. Chen, Predicted Ξb(6087)0 and further predictions, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 382 (2024).
  67. K. L. Wang, Q. F. Lü, and X. H. Zhong, Interpretation of the newly observed Σb(6097)± and Ξb(6227)− states as the P-wave bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 99, 014011 (2019).
  68. K. L. Wang, Q. F. Lü, and X. H. Zhong, Interpretation of the newly observed Λb(6146)0 and Λb(6152)0 states in a chiral quark model, Phys. Rev. D 100, 114035 (2019).
  69. Y. X. Yao, K. L. Wang, and X. H. Zhong, Strong and radiative decays of the low-lying D-wave singly heavy baryons, Phys. Rev. D 98, 076015 (2018).
  70. X. Luo, H. M. Yang, and H. X. Chen, Radiative decays of P-wave bottom baryons from light-cone sum rules, Phys. Rev. D 111, 056027 (2025).
  71. D. Ebert, R. N. Faustov, and V. O. Galkin, Spectroscopy and Regge trajectories of heavy baryons in the relativistic quark-diquark picture, Phys. Rev. D 84, 014025 (2011).
  72. G. L. Yu, Z. Y. Li, Z. G. Wang, J. Lu, and M. Yan, Systematic analysis of single heavy baryons ΛQ, ΣQ and ΩQ, Nucl. Phys. B990, 116183 (2023).
  73. Z. Y. Li, G. L. Yu, Z. G. Wang, J. Z. Gu, J. Lu, and H. T. Shen, Systematic analysis of strange single heavy baryons Ξc and Ξb, Chin. Phys. C 47, 073105 (2023).
  74. Y. X. Peng, S. Q. Luo, and X. Liu, Refining radiative decay studies in singly heavy baryons, Phys. Rev. D 110, 074034 (2024).
  75. S. Capstick and N. Isgur, Baryons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics, Phys. Rev. D 34, 2809 (1986).
  76. B. Chen and X. Liu, Assigning the newly reported Σb(6097) as a P-wave excited state and predicting its partners, Phys. Rev. D 98, 074032 (2018).
  77. J. H. Pan and J. Pan, Investigation of the mass spectra of singly heavy baryons ΣQ, ΞQ′, and ΩQ (Q=c, b) in the Regge trajectory model, Phys. Rev. D 109, 076010 (2024).
  78. G. Yang, J. Ping, and J. Segovia, The S- and P-wave low-lying baryons in the chiral quark model, Few Body Syst. 59, 113 (2018).
  79. H. Garcilazo, J. Vijande, and A. Valcarce, Faddeev study of heavy baryon spectroscopy, J. Phys. G 34, 961 (2007).
  80. Q. Mao, H. X. Chen, W. Chen, A. Hosaka, X. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, QCD sum rule calculation for P-wave bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 92, 114007 (2015).
  81. H. M. Yang, H. X. Chen, E. L. Cui, and Q. Mao, Identifying the Ξb(6100) as the P-wave bottom baryon of JP=3/2−, Phys. Rev. D 106, 036018 (2022).
  82. Y. J. Wang, X. Luo, H. X. Chen, E. L. Cui, W. H. Tan, and Z. Y. Zhou, P-wave bottom baryons of the SU(3) flavor 3¯F, Phys. Rev. D 111, 076003 (2025).
  83. L. Y. Xiao, K. L. Wang, M. S. Liu, and X. H. Zhong, Possible interpretation of the newly observed Ωb states, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 279 (2020).
  84. W. Liang, Q. F. Lü, and X. H. Zhong, Canonical interpretation of the newly observed Λb(6146)0 and Λb(6152)0 via strong decay behaviors, Phys. Rev. D 100, 054013 (2019).
  85. Q. F. Lü and X. H. Zhong, Strong decays of the higher excited ΛQ and ΣQ baryons, Phys. Rev. D 101, 014017 (2020).
  86. L. Y. Xiao and X. H. Zhong, Toward establishing the low-lying P-wave Σb states, Phys. Rev. D 102, 014009 (2020).
  87. B. Chen, K. W. Wei, and A. Zhang, Assignments of ΛQ and ΞQ baryons in the heavy quark-light diquark picture, Eur. Phys. J. A 51, 82 (2015).
  88. B. Chen, K. W. Wei, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, Low-lying charmed and charmed-strange baryon states, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 154 (2017).
  89. S. Q. Luo and X. Liu, Investigating the spectroscopy behavior of undetected 1F-wave charmed baryons, Phys. Rev. D 108, 034002 (2023).
  90. S. Q. Luo and X. Liu, Newly observed Ωc(3327): A good candidate for a D-wave charmed baryon, Phys. Rev. D 107, 074041 (2023).
  91. E. Hiyama, Y. Kino, and M. Kamimura, Gaussian expansion method for few-body systems, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 51, 223 (2003).
  92. M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Korner, V. E. Lyubovitskij, and A. G. Rusetsky, Strong and radiative decays of heavy flavored baryons, Phys. Rev. D 60, 094002 (1999).
  93. T. M. Aliev, K. Azizi, and A. Ozpineci, Radiative decays of the heavy flavored baryons in light cone QCD sum rules, Phys. Rev. D 79, 056005 (2009).
  94. G. J. Wang, L. Meng, and S. L. Zhu, Radiative decays of the singly heavy baryons in chiral perturbation theory, Phys. Rev. D 99, 034021 (2019).
  95. T. M. Aliev, K. Azizi, and H. Sundu, Radiative ΩQ*→ΩQγ and ΞQ*→ΞQ′γ transitions in light cone QCD, Eur. Phys. J. C 75, 14 (2015).
  96. G. S. Yang and H. C. Kim, Magnetic transitions and radiative decays of singly heavy baryons, Phys. Lett. B 801, 135142 (2020).
  97. Z. G. Wang, Analysis of the vertexes ΩQ*ΩQϕ and radiative decays ΩQ*→ΩQγ, Phys. Rev. D 81, 036002 (2010).
  98. E. Ortiz-Pacheco and R. Bijker, Masses and radiative decay widths of S- and P-wave singly, doubly, and triply heavy charm and bottom baryons, Phys. Rev. D 108, 054014 (2023).
  99. Z. G. Wang, Analysis of the vertexes ΞQ*ΞQ′V, ΣQ*ΣQV and radiative decays ΞQ*→ΞQ′γ, ΣQ*→ΣQγ, Eur. Phys. J. A 44, 105 (2010).
  100. A. Hazra, S. Rakshit, and R. Dhir, Radiative M1 transitions of heavy baryons: Effective quark mass scheme, Phys. Rev. D 104, 053002 (2021).
  101. K. L. Wang, Y. X. Yao, X. H. Zhong, and Q. Zhao, Strong and radiative decays of the low-lying S- and P-wave singly heavy baryons, Phys. Rev. D 96, 116016 (2017).
  102. S. L. Zhu and Y. B. Dai, Radiative decays of heavy hadrons from light cone QCD sum rules in the leading order of HQET, Phys. Rev. D 59, 114015 (1999).
  103. S. Tawfiq, J. G. Korner, and P. J. O’Donnell, Electromagnetic transitions of heavy baryons in the SU(2N(f))⊗O(3) symmetry, Phys. Rev. D 63, 034005 (2001).
  104. H. S. Li, L. Meng, Z. W. Liu, and S. L. Zhu, Radiative decays of the doubly charmed baryons in chiral perturbation theory, Phys. Lett. B 777, 169 (2018).
  105. N. Jiang, X. L. Chen, and S. L. Zhu, Electromagnetic decays of the charmed and bottom baryons in chiral perturbation theory, Phys. Rev. D 92, 054017 (2015).
  106. L. Micu, Decay rates of meson resonances in a quark model, Nucl. Phys. B10, 521 (1969).
  107. A. Le Yaouanc, L. Oliver, O. Pene, and J. C. Raynal, Naive quark pair creation model of strong interaction vertices, Phys. Rev. D 8, 2223 (1973).
  108. A. Le Yaouanc, L. Oliver, O. Pene, and J. C. Raynal, Naive quark pair creation model and baryon decays, Phys. Rev. D 9, 1415 (1974).
  109. T. Barnes and E. S. Swanson, Hadron loops: General theorems and application to charmonium, Phys. Rev. C 77, 055206 (2008).
  110. E. S. Ackleh, T. Barnes, and E. S. Swanson, On the mechanism of open flavor strong decays, Phys. Rev. D 54, 6811 (1996).
  111. S. Q. Luo, B. Chen, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, Predicting a new resonance as charmed-strange baryonic analog of Ds0*(2317), Phys. Rev. D 103, 074027 (2021).
  112. T. Yoshida, E. Hiyama, A. Hosaka, M. Oka, and K. Sadato, Spectrum of heavy baryons in the quark model, Phys. Rev. D 92, 114029 (2015).
  113. F. E. Close and E. S. Swanson, Dynamics and decay of heavy-light hadrons, Phys. Rev. D 72, 094004 (2005).
  114. Q. T. Song, D. Y. Chen, X. Liu, and T. Matsuki, Charmed-strange mesons revisited: Mass spectra and strong decays, Phys. Rev. D 91, 054031 (2015).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074020– Published 17 October, 2025
  • Received 30 April 2025
  • Accepted 5 October 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation