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    Effective model for line intensity mapping: Auto- and cross-power spectra in the cosmic dawn and reionization

    Sarah Libanore1,*, Julian B. Muñoz2, and Ely D. Kovetz1,3

    • *Contact author: libanore@bgu.ac.il

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 083552 – Published 27 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xq1r-zh51

    Abstract

    Line intensity mapping (LIM) is emerging as a powerful probe of the high-redshift Universe, with a growing number of LIM experiments targeting various spectral lines deep into the epochs of reionization and cosmic dawn. A key remaining challenge is the consistent and efficient modeling of the diverse emission lines and of the observables of different surveys. Here, we present olimpus, a fully analytical effective model to study LIM auto- and cross-power spectra. Our work builds on the 21-cm effective model presented in zeus21, applying it to star-forming lines and improving it in different aspects. Our code accounts for shot noise and linear redshift-space distortions and it includes by default prescriptions for OII, OIII, Hα, Hβ, CII, CO line luminosities, together with the 21-cm model inherited from zeus21. Beyond auto- and cross-power spectra, olimpus can produce mock coeval boxes and light cones, and with a computational time of ∼s it is ideal for parameter-space exploration and inference. Its modular implementation makes it easy to customize and extend, enabling various applications, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo analyses and consistent multiline cross-correlations.

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