Primordial black holes as seeds for high-redshift supermassive black holes in scalar-tensor theories
Phys. Rev. D 114, 023059 – Published 30 July, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xm6l-8n9z
Abstract
The discovery of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at redshifts by JWST challenges the standard Eddington-limited growth models. We propose a novel mechanism for the rapid assembly of primordial black hole (PBH) seeds through scalar-induced critical accretion during early universe phase transitions. By solving the generalized relativistic Euler equations with a non-minimal coupling between dark matter and a background scalar field , we demonstrate that a “scalar fifth force” significantly shifts the sonic point outward. This mechanism yields an accretion enhancement factor , enabling a seed to reach by , far exceeding standard General Relativistic predictions. Furthermore, this rapid mass growth predicts a distinctive spectral redshift in the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), shifting the peak from the LIGO/Virgo band toward the Einstein Telescope sensitivity window (1–10 Hz).