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    Time evolution of black hole perturbations in quadratic gravity

    Roman A. Konoplya1,2,*, Andrea Spina3,4,1,†, and Alexander Zhidenko1,5,‡

    • 1Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in Opava, Bezručovo náměstí 13, CZ-74601 Opava, Czech Republic
    • 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62/26, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
    • 3Department of physics and astronomy, Università di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123,Catania, Italy
    • 4INFN, Sezione di Catania, via Santa Sofia 64, I-95123,Catania, Italy
    • 5Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Rua Abolição, CEP: 09210-180, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil

    • *Contact author: roman.konoplya@gmail.com
    • †Contact author: Andrea.spina@phd.unict.it
    • ‡Contact author: olexandr.zhydenko@ufabc.edu.br

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 024060 – Published 28 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xhtc-9cf4

    Abstract

    We study the full time-domain evolution of gravitational perturbations in black hole spacetimes arising in Einstein-Weyl gravity, a renormalizable extension of general relativity containing quadratic curvature corrections. We analyze both Schwarzschild and non-Schwarzschild solutions, focusing on monopole and higher multipole perturbations. Using semianalytical methods based on the Rezzolla-Zhidenko parametrization for approximation of the black hole spacetime and time-domain integration for analysis of evolution of perturbations, we study the late-time behavior of gravitational perturbations. Our results show that the ringdown phase is followed by universal slowly decaying oscillatory tails with the envelope ψ∝t−5/6. We also demonstrate the breakdown of the eikonal correspondence between quasinormal modes and unstable null geodesics, highlighting limitations of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method in this context. Our analysis confirms the range of (in)stability of black holes in Einstein-Weyl gravity found in recent publications.

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