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Probing supernova neutrino boosted dark matter with collective excitations

Jun-Wei Sun1, Lei Wu2,*, Yan-Hao Xu1,†, and Bin Zhu1,‡

  • *Contact author: leiwu@njnu.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: xuyanhao@ytu.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: zhubin@mail.nankai.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015014 – Published 15 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xhl3-v17n

Abstract

We explore the supernova neutrino-boosted dark matter (SNνBDM) and its direct detection. During core-collapse supernova, an abundance of neutrinos are emitted. These supernova neutrinos can transfer their kinetic energy to the light dark matter via their interactions, and thus are detected in the neutrino and dark matter experiments. Because of the exponential suppression of the high-energy neutrino flux, the kinetic energy carried by a large portion of SNνBDM falls within the MeV range. We consider a simplified model where dark matter interacts with both electrons and neutrinos through a light mediator. In this case, the enhancement in the scattering rate from the light mediator combined with the excitation of the plasmon resonance in silicon significantly enhances the sensitivity in experiments using low-threshold detectors, such as skipper CCDs, in contrast to conventional neutrino and dark matter direct-detection experiments. We calculate the total scattering rate induced by SNνBDM and derive exclusion limits from Super-K, XENON1T, SENSEI, and DAMIC-M.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015014– Published 15 July, 2025
  • Received 20 January 2025
  • Accepted 25 June 2025
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