- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Scattering and gluon emission of physical quarks in a SU(3) colored field

Meijian Li1,*, Tuomas Lappi2,3,†, Xingbo Zhao4,5,6,7,‡, and Carlos A. Salgado1,§

  • *Contact author: meijian.li@usc.es
  • †Contact author: tuomas.v.v.lappi@jyu.fi
  • ‡Contact author: xbzhao@impcas.ac.cn
  • §Contact author: carlos.salgado@usc.es
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 112, 016009 – Published 7 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/x99p-tfwg

Abstract

We study the scattering of the gluon-dressed physical quarks, defined as the eigenstates of the vacuum QCD Hamiltonian, off a colored medium. We solve the wave function of the physical quark state by diagonalizing the QCD Hamiltonian in vacuum in a |q⟩+|qg⟩ Fock space, with implementing the sector-dependent mass renormalization scheme. We then perform numerical simulations of the real-time quantum state evolution of the initially dressed quark state at various medium densities. The results are compared with those of an initially bare or off-shell quark states. With the obtained light-front wave function of the evolved state, we extract the quark jet transverse momentum broadening, the quenching parameter, the cross section, the gluon emission rate, and the evolution of the invariant mass. The scenario considered is relevant for high energy scattering processes, where the quark originates from far outside the color field describing the scattering target. This investigation on dressed quarks complements our earlier studies of the single quark scattering in the |q⟩ Fock space, and of the bare quark scattering in the |q⟩+|qg⟩ Fock space, providing a novel systematic description of quark scattering process using a nonperturbative formalism.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (69)

  1. W. Busza, K. Rajagopal, and W. van der Schee, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 68, 339 (2018).
  2. J. P. Vary, H. Honkanen, J. Li, P. Maris, S. J. Brodsky, A. Harindranath, G. F. de Teramond, P. Sternberg, E. G. Ng, and C. Yang, Phys. Rev. C 81, 035205 (2010).
  3. H. Honkanen, P. Maris, J. P. Vary, and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 061603 (2011).
  4. X. Zhao, H. Honkanen, P. Maris, J. P. Vary, and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Lett. B 737, 65 (2014).
  5. P. Wiecki, Y. Li, X. Zhao, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 91, 105009 (2015).
  6. D. Chakrabarti, X. Zhao, H. Honkanen, R. Manohar, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 89, 116004 (2014).
  7. Z. Hu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 103, 036005 (2021).
  8. S. Nair, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, A. Mukherjee, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 827, 137005 (2022).
  9. S. Nair, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, A. Mukherjee, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 108, 116005 (2023).
  10. S. Jia and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. C 99, 035206 (2019).
  11. J. Lan, C. Mondal, S. Jia, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 172001 (2019).
  12. J. Lan, C. Mondal, S. Jia, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 101, 034024 (2020).
  13. L. Adhikari, C. Mondal, S. Nair, S. Xu, S. Jia, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 104, 114019 (2021).
  14. J. Lan, K. Fu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and j. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 825, 136890 (2022).
  15. C. Mondal, S. Nair, S. Jia, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 104, 094034 (2021).
  16. Y. Li, P. Maris, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Lett. B 758, 118 (2016).
  17. Y. Li, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 96, 016022 (2017).
  18. M. Li, Y. Li, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 98, 034024 (2018).
  19. J. Lan, C. Mondal, M. Li, Y. Li, S. Tang, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 102, 014020 (2020).
  20. S. Tang, Y. Li, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 98, 114038 (2018).
  21. S. Tang, Y. Li, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 522 (2020).
  22. C. Mondal, S. Xu, J. Lan, X. Zhao, Y. Li, D. Chakrabarti, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 102, 016008 (2020).
  23. W. Qian, S. Jia, Y. Li, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. C 102, 055207 (2020).
  24. S. Xu, C. Mondal, J. Lan, X. Zhao, Y. Li, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 104, 094036 (2021).
  25. Y. Liu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 105, 094018 (2022).
  26. Z. Hu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Lett. B 833, 137360 (2022).
  27. T. Peng, Z. Zhu, S. Xu, X. Liu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 106, 114040 (2022).
  28. S. Kaur, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 109, 014015 (2024).
  29. Z. Zhu, T. Peng, Z. Hu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 108, 036009 (2023).
  30. Z. Zhang, Z. Hu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 109, 034031 (2024).
  31. Y. Liu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Lett. B 855, 138809 (2024).
  32. S. Kaur, J. Wu, Z. Hu, J. Lan, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 851, 138563 (2024).
  33. S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, Y. Li, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 108, 094002 (2023).
  34. B. Lin, S. Nair, S. Xu, Z. Hu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 847, 138305 (2023).
  35. Z. Zhu, Z. Hu, J. Lan, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary (BLFQ Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B 839, 137808 (2023).
  36. H. Yu, Z. Hu, S. Xu, C. Mondal, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Lett. B 855, 138831 (2024).
  37. W. Du, P. Yin, Y. Li, G. Chen, W. Zuo, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. C 97, 064620 (2018).
  38. P. Yin, W. Du, W. Zuo, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, arXiv:2208.00267.
  39. X. Zhao, A. Ilderton, P. Maris, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 88, 065014 (2013).
  40. G. Chen, X. Zhao, Y. Li, K. Tuchin, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 95, 096012 (2017).
  41. B. Hu, A. Ilderton, and X. Zhao, Phys. Rev. D 102, 016017 (2020).
  42. Z. Lei, B. Hu, and X. Zhao, arXiv:2201.01746.
  43. M. Li, X. Zhao, P. Maris, G. Chen, Y. Li, K. Tuchin, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 101, 076016 (2020).
  44. M. Li, T. Lappi, and X. Zhao, Phys. Rev. D 104, 056014 (2021).
  45. M. Li, T. Lappi, X. Zhao, and C. A. Salgado, Phys. Rev. D 108, 036016 (2023).
  46. A. Dumitru and J. Jalilian-Marian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 022301 (2002).
  47. R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller, S. Peigne, and D. Schiff, Nucl. Phys. B483, 291 (1997).
  48. R. Baier, Y. L. Dokshitzer, A. H. Mueller, S. Peigne, and D. Schiff, Nucl. Phys. B484, 265 (1997).
  49. B. G. Zakharov, JETP Lett. 65, 615 (1997).
  50. M. Gyulassy, P. Levai, and I. Vitev, Nucl. Phys. B571, 197 (2000).
  51. M. Gyulassy, P. Levai, and I. Vitev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5535 (2000).
  52. U. A. Wiedemann, Nucl. Phys. B588, 303 (2000).
  53. V. A. Karmanov, J.-F. Mathiot, and A. V. Smirnov, Phys. Rev. D 77, 085028 (2008).
  54. V. A. Karmanov, J.-F. Mathiot, and A. V. Smirnov, Phys. Rev. D 86, 085006 (2012).
  55. C. Marquet, Nucl. Phys. A796, 41 (2007).
  56. G. A. Chirilli, B.-W. Xiao, and F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 86, 054005 (2012).
  57. U. A. Wiedemann, Nucl. Phys. A690, 731 (2001).
  58. C. A. Salgado and U. A. Wiedemann, Phys. Rev. D 68, 014008 (2003).
  59. J. a. Barata, X. Du, M. Li, W. Qian, and C. A. Salgado, Phys. Rev. D 106, 074013 (2022).
  60. J. a. Barata, X. Du, M. Li, W. Qian, and C. A. Salgado, Phys. Rev. D 108, 056023 (2023).
  61. W. Qian, M. Li, C. A. Salgado, and M. Kreshchuk, Phys. Rev. D 111, 096001 (2025).
  62. X. Yao, arXiv:2205.07902.
  63. S. Wu, W. Du, X. Zhao, and J. P. Vary, Phys. Rev. D 110, 056044 (1980).
  64. N. F. Castro, J. G. Milhano, and M. G. J. Oliveira, arXiv:2502.03431.
  65. A. C. Tang, S. J. Brodsky, and H. C. Pauli, Phys. Rev. D 44, 1842 (1991).
  66. D. Mustaki, S. Pinsky, J. Shigemitsu, and K. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D 43, 3411 (1991).
  67. S. J. Brodsky, H.-C. Pauli, and S. S. Pinsky, Phys. Rep. 301, 299 (1998).
  68. G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2157 (1980).
  69. A. Harindranath, A. Mukherjee, and R. Ratabole, Phys. Rev. D 63, 045006 (2001).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 112, 016009– Published 7 July, 2025
  • Received 29 April 2025
  • Accepted 12 June 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation