Open Access

Prediction of doubly charm hadronic molecules with double strange quarks

School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; MoE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; and Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

^*Contact author: wangfulai@lzu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: xiangliu@lzu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 114, 054037 – Published 18 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/x5nz-vxjc

Abstract

In this work, we investigate whether the $T$ -doublet charmed-strange mesons and their antiparticles can form hidden-charm hidden-strangeness molecular tetraquarks by applying the one-boson-exchange model. We identify $D_{s 1} {\bar{D}}_{s 1}$ ( $J^{P C} = 0^{+ +}, 1^{+ -}, 2^{+ +}$ ), $D_{s 1} {\bar{D}}_{s 2}^{*}$ ( $J^{P C} = 1^{+ \pm}, 2^{+ \pm}, 3^{+ \pm}$ ), and $D_{s 2}^{*} {\bar{D}}_{s 2}^{*}$ ( $J^{P C} = 0^{+ +}, 1^{+ -}, 2^{+ +}, 3^{+ -}, 4^{+ +}$ ) as promising hidden-charm hidden-strangeness molecular tetraquark candidates. Notably, the $D_{s 1} {\bar{D}}_{s 2}^{*}$ state with $J^{P C} = 2^{+ -}$ possesses exotic spin-parity quantum numbers forbidden for conventional mesons, providing a clean experimental signature for exotic hadrons. Moreover, the $D_{s 2}^{*} {\bar{D}}_{s 2}^{*}$ state with $J^{P C} = 4^{+ +}$ is a rare high-spin hadronic molecule. We then extend the same framework to discuss the binding properties of the $T_{s} T_{s}$ systems and construct the mass spectrum of corresponding doubly charm doubly strangeness molecular tetraquarks. The promising candidates are $D_{s 1} D_{s 1}$ ( $J^{P} = 2^{+}$ ), $D_{s 1} D_{s 2}^{*}$ ( $J^{P} = 3^{+}$ ), and $D_{s 2}^{*} D_{s 2}^{*}$ ( $J^{P} = 4^{+}$ ), all of which are absolutely flavor-exotic. We encourage experimental searches for these predicted hadronic molecules, which would be a crucial step toward establishing doubly charm molecular tetraquarks with strangeness $S = 0$ or 2.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Strong interaction

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 054037– Published 18 September, 2026

Vol. 114, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2026

Received 2 June 2026
Accepted 2 September 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/x5nz-vxjc

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Prediction of doubly charm hadronic molecules with double strange quarks

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