We test the $n=3$ ultralight axionlike model of early dark energy (EDE) with the observations of the EB mode of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and local expansion rate measurements. Our results show that the shape of the CMB EB angular power spectrum is sensitive to the background cosmological parameters. We run Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations to fit the $\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{CDM}+\mathrm{EDE}$ parameters simultaneously and find that the EDE model with $n=3$ can provide a good fit to the observed CMB EB spectra, consistent with the locally measured value of the Hubble constant. To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first to show that axionlike EDE can provide a unified explanation for the observed cosmic birefringence and the Hubble tension. In this work, we do not consider the contribution from the polarization miscalibration angle since current Planck CMB observations lack the precision required to distinguish the effects of the polarization miscalibration angle from that of EDE induced cosmic birefringence.

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• Cosmic microwave background
• Cosmological parameters
• Cosmology