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Construction of the damped Lyα absorber catalog for DESI DR2 Lyα BAO

A. Brodzeller1, M. Wolfson2,3,4, D. M. Santos5, M. Ho6, T. Tan7, M. M. Pieri5, A. Cuceu1,*, M. Abdul-Karim7, J. Aguilar1 et al. (DESI Collaboration)

J. Aguilar1, S. Ahlen8, A. Anand1, U. Andrade9,6, E. Armengaud7, A. Aviles10,11, S. Bailey1, A. Bault1, D. Bianchi12,13, D. Brooks14, R. Canning15, L. Casas16, M. Charles17, E. Chaussidon1, J. Chaves-Montero16, D. Chebat7, T. Claybaugh1, K. S. Dawson18, R. de Belsunce1, A. de la Macorra19, A. de Mattia7, Arjun Dey20, Biprateep Dey21,22, P. Doel14, M. Doshi23,1, W. Elbers24, S. Ferraro1,23, A. Font-Ribera16, J. E. Forero-Romero25,26, C. Garcia-Quintero27,*, L. H. Garrison28,29, E. Gaztañaga30,15,31, S. Gontcho A Gontcho1, A. X. Gonzalez-Morales32, D. Green33, G. Gutierrez34, J. Guy1, C. Hahn35, M. Herbold17, H. K. Herrera-Alcantar36,7, K. Honscheid2,3,17, C. Howlett37, D. Huterer38,6, M. Ishak39, S. Juneau20, R. Kehoe40, T. Kisner1, A. Kremin1, O. Lahav14, C. Lamman27, M. Landriau1, J. M. Le Goff7, L. Le Guillou41, A. Leauthaud42,43, M. E. Levi1, Q. Li18, M. Manera44,16, P. Martini2,4,17, A. Meisner20, J. Mena-Fernández45, R. Miquel46,16, J. Moustakas47, A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez19, A. D. Myers48, S. Nadathur15, L. Napolitano48, H. E. Noriega11,19, E. Paillas49,35,50, N. Palanque-Delabrouille7,1, W. J. Percival49,51,50, C. Poppett1,52,23, F. Prada53, I. Pérez-Ràfols54, C. Ramírez-Pérez16, C. Ravoux55, J. Rohlf8, G. Rossi56, E. Sanchez57, D. Schlegel1, M. Schubnell38,6, F. Sinigaglia58,59, D. Sprayberry20, G. Tarlé6, P. Taylor17, W. Turner2,4,17, M. Walther60,61, B. A. Weaver20, C. Yèche7, R. Zhou1, H. Zou62, and S. Zou63 (DESI Collaboration)

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 2Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 3Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 4Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 5Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
  • 6University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 7IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 8Physics Dept., Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
  • 9Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
  • 10Instituto Avanzado de Cosmología A. C., San Marcos 11-Atenas 202. Magdalena Contreras. Ciudad de México C. P. 10720, México
  • 11Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C. P. 62210, México
  • 12Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
  • 13INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
  • 14Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
  • 15Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
  • 16Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Edifici Cn, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 17The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210 Ohio, USA
  • 18Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Utah, 115 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
  • 19Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. de México C. P. 04510, México
  • 20NSF NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
  • 21Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4, Canada
  • 22Department of Physics & Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
  • 23University of California, Berkeley, 110 Sproul Hall #5800 Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 24Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
  • 25Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 26Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio H, CP 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
  • 27Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
  • 28Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
  • 29Scientific Computing Core, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
  • 30Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c/ Esteve Terradas 1, Edifici RDIT, Campus PMT-UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
  • 31Institute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
  • 32Departamento de Física, DCI-Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, León, Guanajuato C. P. 37150, México
  • 33Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA
  • 34Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 35Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N, Cherry Ave, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
  • 36Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris. 98 bis boulevard Arago. 75014 Paris, France
  • 37School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
  • 38Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 39Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
  • 40Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
  • 41Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FR-75005 Paris, France
  • 42Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
  • 43Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95065, USA
  • 44Departament de Física, Serra Húnter, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 45Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
  • 46Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 47Department of Physics and Astronomy, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York 12211, USA
  • 48Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University, Dept. 3905, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
  • 49Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 50Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 51Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
  • 52Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 53Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
  • 54Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Eduard Maristany 10, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
  • 55Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, LPCA, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
  • 56Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
  • 57CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
  • 58Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
  • 59Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea, s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
  • 60Excellence Cluster ORIGINS, Boltzmannstrasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany
  • 61University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81677 München, Germany
  • 62National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, P.R. China
  • 63Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, 100190

  • *NASA Einstein Fellow.
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 083510 – Published 6 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wxyv-46kb

Abstract

We present the Damped Lyα Toolkit for automated detection and characterization of damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra. Our method uses quasar spectral templates with and without absorption from intervening DLAs to reconstruct observed quasar forest regions. The best-fitting model determines whether a DLA is present while estimating the redshift and HI column density. With an optimized quality cut on detection significance (Δχr2>0.03), the technique achieves an estimated 80% purity and 79% completeness when evaluated on simulated spectra with S/N>2 that are free of broad absorption lines (BALs). We provide a catalog containing candidate DLAs from the DLA Toolkit detected in DESI DR1 quasar spectra, of which 21 719 were found in S/N>2 spectra with predicted log10(NHI)>20.3 and detection significance Δχr2>0.03. We compare the Damped Lyα Toolkit to two alternative DLA finders based on a convolutional neural network and Gaussian process models. We present a strategy for combining these three techniques to produce a high-fidelity DLA catalog from DESI DR2 for the Lyα forest baryon acoustic oscillation measurement. The combined catalog contains 41 152 candidate DLAs with log10(NHI)>20.3 from quasar spectra with S/N>2. We estimate this sample to be approximately 85% pure and 79% complete when BAL quasars are excluded.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Viewpoint

Rethinking Our Place in the Universe

Published 6 October, 2025

The new map of the Universe’s expansion history released by the DESI Collaboration offers hints at a breakdown of the standard model of cosmology.

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Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 083510– Published 6 October, 2025
  • Received 22 March 2025
  • Accepted 2 July 2025
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