Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    How to embed any likelihood into simulation-based inference: Application to Planck and stage IV galaxy surveys and dynamical dark energy

    Guillermo Franco Abellán1,*, Noemi Anau Montel2, Oleg Savchenko1, and Christoph Weniger1

    • *Contact author: g.francoabellan@uva.nl

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 103526 – Published 17 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ws4b-7qrw

    Abstract

    Simulation-based inference (SBI) allows fast Bayesian inference for simulators encoding implicit likelihoods. However, some explicit likelihoods cannot be easily reformulated as simulators, hindering their integration into combined analyses within SBI frameworks. One key example in cosmology is given by the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) likelihoods. We present a simple method to construct an effective simulator for any explicit likelihood using samples from a previously converged Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) run. This effective simulator can subsequently be combined with any forward simulator. To illustrate this method, we combine the full Planck CMB likelihoods with a 3×2pt simulator (cosmic shear, galaxy clustering and their cross-correlation) for a stage IV survey like Euclid, and test evolving dark energy parametrized by the w0wa equation of state. Assuming the w0wa cold dark matter cosmology hinted by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data release 2 + Planck 2018 + PantheonPlus supernovae Ia (SNIa) datasets, we find that future 3×2pt data alone could detect evolving dark energy at 5σ, while its combination with current CMB, BAO, and SNIa datasets could raise the detection to almost 7σ. Moreover, thanks to simulation reuse enabled by SBI, we show that our joint analysis is in excellent agreement with MCMC while requiring zero Boltzmann solver calls. This result opens up the possibility of performing massive global scans combining explicit and implicit likelihoods in a highly efficient way.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation