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    Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT γ-ray observations. II

    Ming-Xuan Lu1, Yun-Feng Liang1,*, Xuerui Ouyang1, Rong-Lan Li2, and Xiang-Gao Wang1,†

    • 1Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
    • 2Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210023, China

    • *Contact author: liangyf@gxu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: wangxg@gxu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 103013 – Published 10 November, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wm72-25tq

    Abstract

    Given that gamma rays with energies larger than TeV are severely absorbed by background radiation fields, for many extragalactic sources, the GeV–TeV gamma-ray observations are the messengers that are closest in energy to the TeV–PeV neutrinos observed by IceCube. Investigating whether there is a correlation between the gamma-ray and neutrino observations can help us identify high-energy neutrino sources and determine which sources are the main contributors to the all-sky diffuse neutrino flux of IceCube. In previous work, we have already studied the possible gamma-neutrino correlations by analyzing 10 years of IceCube public muon-track data. In this work, we further investigate such correlations by employing the IceCube p-value sky map of the scan for point sources. We examine the spatial associations of hot spots in the neutrino sky map with various gamma-ray source samples: the third Fermi-LAT catalog of high-energy sources (3FHL), LAT 14-year source catalog, the fourth catalog of active galactic nuclei, and subsets of these samples. Among all the samples, the 3FHL sample shows a possible correlation with the neutrino hot spots with a pretrial p value of 9.0×10−5 (∼3.9σ), corresponding to a posttrial significance of ∼1.7σ. However, this is found to be caused by three already known neutrino sources or source candidates: NGC 1068, TXS 0506+056, and PKS 1424+240.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    See Also

    Investigating the correlations between IceCube high-energy neutrinos and Fermi-LAT γ-ray observations

    Rong-Lan Li, Ben-Yang Zhu, and Yun-Feng Liang
    Phys. Rev. D 106, 083024 (2022)

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