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Comparison of the mixed-fermion-action effects using different fermion and gauge actions with 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavors

Zun-Xian Zhang1,2,3, Mengchu Cai2, Bolun Hu4, Xiangyu Jiang5, Xiao-Lan Meng2,6, Yi-Bo Yang2,6,1,7,*, and Dian-Jun Zhao8,† (CLQCD Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: ybyang@itp.ac.cn
  • †Contact author: zhaodianjun@cuhk.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 054515 – Published 31 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/wcft-g4g5

Abstract

The leading-order low-energy constant Δmix in mixed-action chiral perturbation theory is calculated using 2+1+1-flavor gauge ensembles with HISQ fermions and a tadpole-improved Symanzik gauge action at four lattice spacings a∈[0.048,0.111]  fm. By comparing our results to those from different actions and a 2+1-flavor case, We find that the fermion action has the dominant impact, the gauge action has a secondary but measurable effect, and the contribution from charm quark loops is negligible within our current uncertainties.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 054515– Published 31 March, 2026
  • Received 2 January 2026
  • Accepted 27 February 2026
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