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  • Letter

Diverse dark matter haloes in two-field fuzzy dark matter

Hoang Nhan Luu1,2,*, Philip Mocz3,†, Mark Vogelsberger2,‡, Alvaro Pozo1,4, Tom Broadhurst1,4,5, S.-H. Henry Tye6,7, Tao Liu6, Leo W. H. Fung6, George F. Smoot1,6,8,9 et al.

Razieh Emami10 and Lars Hernquist10

  • *Contact author: hoang.luu@dipc.org
  • †Contact author: pmocz@flatironinstitute.org
  • ‡Contact author: mvogelsb@mit.edu

Phys. Rev. D 111, L121302 – Published 20 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w9j1-k7b3

Abstract

Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) is a compelling candidate for dark matter, offering a natural explanation for the structure of diffuse low-mass haloes. However, the canonical FDM model with a mass of 10−22  eV encounters challenges in reproducing the observed diversity of dwarf galaxies, except for possibly scenarios where strong galactic feedback is invoked. The introduction of multiple-field FDM can provide a potential resolution to this diversity issue. The theoretical plausibility of this dark matter model is also enhanced by the fact that multiple axion species with logarithmically distributed mass spectrum exist as a generic prediction of string theory. In this paper, we consider the axiverse hypothesis and investigate nonlinear structure formation in the two-field fuzzy dark matter (2FDM) model. Our cosmological simulation with an unprecedented resolution and self-consistent initial conditions reveals the diverse structures of dark matter haloes in the 2FDM model for the first time. Depending on the formation time and local tidal activities, late-time haloes can host solitons of nested cores or solitons of one dominant species.

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