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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Perturbative distinguishability of black hole microstates from AdS/CFT correspondence

Jiaju Zhang*

  • Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China

  • *Contact author: jiajuzhang@tju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, L121901 – Published 5 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w5dn-jvfs

Abstract

We establish direct evidence for the perturbative distinguishability between black hole microstates and thermal states using the AdS/CFT correspondence. In two-dimensional holographic conformal field theories, we obtain the subsystem fidelity and quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, both of which provide rigorous lower and upper bounds for subsystem trace distance. This result demonstrates that perturbative quantum gravity corrections break semiclassical indistinguishability, thereby supporting the recovery of information even from a small amount of the Hawking radiation.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, L121901– Published 5 December, 2025
  • Received 16 June 2025
  • Accepted 25 November 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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