Open Access

Interpretation of 95 GeV excess within the Georgi-Machacek model in light of positive definiteness constraints

Xiaokang Du ^1,2, Huiling Liu ^1,2, and Qin Chang ^1,2,3,*

¹Centre for Theoretical Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People’s Republic of China
²Institute of Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, People’s Republic of China
³Center for High Energy Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 455004, People’s Republic of China

^*Contact author: changqin@htu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 112, 015019 – Published 21 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w2xw-q49n

Abstract

The recent observation of a diphoton excess around 95 GeV by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, along with the $b \bar{b}$ excess reported by the LEP Collaboration in the same mass region, has drawn significant interest in the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The Georgi-Machacek (GM) model, which extends the Higgs sector of the SM by introducing additional triplet scalars while preserving custodial symmetry at tree level, provides a compelling framework to explain both excesses simultaneously via a light custodial singlet Higgs. In this work, we investigate whether the GM model can still accommodate these excesses when taking into account newly proposed vacuum stability constraints, particularly the positive definiteness conditions. Our numerical analysis not only confirms the existence of a viable parameter space capable of explaining the 95 GeV excesses, but also demonstrates that, compared to traditional tree-level constraints at the electroweak scale, the positive definiteness conditions further expand the allowed parameter space, thereby enhancing the viability of the GM model. Furthermore, we emphasize that future collider experiments will play a crucial role in testing this interpretation by refining Higgs coupling measurements and searching for additional Higgs bosons.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Extensions of Higgs sector

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015019– Published 21 July, 2025

Vol. 112, Iss. 1 — 1 July 2025

Received 17 February 2025
Accepted 16 June 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/w2xw-q49n

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Interpretation of 95 GeV excess within the Georgi-Machacek model in light of positive definiteness constraints

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