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Observation of the Ω(2012) baryon at the LHC

S. Acharya50, A. Agarwal133, G. Aglieri Rinella32, L. Aglietta24a,24b, M. Agnello29, N. Agrawal25a,25b, Z. Ahammed133, S. Ahmad15, S. U. Ahn71 et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

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Torres102, A. G. Torres Ramos31a,31b, A. Trifiró30,53, T. Triloki95, A. S. Triolo30,32,53, S. Tripathy32, T. Tripathy47,125, S. Trogolo24a,24b, V. Trubnikov3, W. H. Trzaska115, T. P. Trzcinski134, C. Tsolanta19, R. Tu39, A. Tumkin139, R. Turrisi54, T. S. Tveter19, K. Ullaland20, B. Ulukutlu94, S. Upadhyaya106, A. Uras126, G. L. Usai22a,22b, M. Vaid90, M. Vala36, N. Valle55, L. V. R. van Doremalen59, M. van Leeuwen83, C. A. van Veen93, R. J. G. van Weelden83, P. Vande Vyvre32, D. Varga46, Z. Varga46,136, P. Vargas Torres65, M. Vasileiou77, A. Vasiliev139,†, O. Vázquez Doce49, O. Vazquez Rueda114, V. Vechernin139, P. Veen128, E. Vercellin24a,24b, R. Verma47, R. Vértesi46, M. Verweij59, L. Vickovic33, Z. Vilakazi121, O. Villalobos Baillie99, A. Villani23a,23b, A. Vinogradov139, T. Virgili28a,28b, M. M. O. Virta115, A. Vodopyanov140, B. Volkel32, M. A. Völkl93, S. A. Voloshin135, G. Volpe31a,31b, B. von Haller32, I. Vorobyev32, N. Vozniuk139, J. Vrláková36, J. Wan39, C. Wang39, D. 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  • 1A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
  • 2AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
  • 3Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
  • 4aBose Institute, Department of Physics, Kolkata, India
  • 4bCentre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
  • 5California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
  • 6Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
  • 7Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
  • 8Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Měrida, Mexico
  • 9Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • 10China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
  • 11China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
  • 12Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
  • 13Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
  • 14Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
  • 15Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
  • 16Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
  • 17Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • 18Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
  • 19Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 20Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • 21Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • 22aDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Cagliari, Italy
  • 22bSezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
  • 23aDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Trieste, Italy
  • 23bSezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
  • 24aDipartimento di Fisica dell’Università, Turin, Italy
  • 24bSezione INFN, Turin, Italy
  • 25aDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Bologna, Italy
  • 25bSezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
  • 26aDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Catania, Italy
  • 26bSezione INFN, Catania, Italy
  • 27aDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università, Padova, Italy
  • 27bSezione INFN, Padova, Italy
  • 28aDipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’ dell’Università, Salerno, Italy
  • 28bGruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
  • 29Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
  • 30Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
  • 31aDipartimento Interateneo di Fisica “M. Merlin,” Bari, Italy
  • 31bSezione INFN, Bari, Italy
  • 32European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
  • 33Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
  • 34Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 35Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 36Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
  • 37Faculty of Technology, Environmental and Social Sciences, Bergen, Norway
  • 38Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  • 39Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  • 40Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
  • 41Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
  • 42Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
  • 43Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
  • 44High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
  • 45Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
  • 46HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
  • 47Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
  • 48Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
  • 49INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
  • 50INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
  • 51INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  • 52INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
  • 53INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 54INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
  • 55INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • 56INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
  • 57INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
  • 58Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
  • 59Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
  • 60Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
  • 61Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
  • 62Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 63Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
  • 64Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  • 65Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 66Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • 67Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 68iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
  • 69Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
  • 70Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
  • 71Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • 72Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
  • 73Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
  • 74Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
  • 75Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
  • 76Nara Women’s University (NWU), Nara, Japan
  • 77National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
  • 78National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
  • 79National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
  • 80National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
  • 81National Research and Innovation Agency–BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • 82Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • 83Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 84Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
  • 85Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
  • 86Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • 87Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  • 88Physics department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 89Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  • 90Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
  • 91Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
  • 92Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • 93Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 94Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
  • 95Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
  • 96Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
  • 97Saga University, Saga, Japan
  • 98Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
  • 99School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  • 100Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
  • 101Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
  • 102SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
  • 103Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
  • 104Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
  • 105Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
  • 106The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
  • 107The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
  • 108Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
  • 109Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
  • 110Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
  • 111Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
  • 112Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
  • 113University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
  • 114University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
  • 115University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
  • 116University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
  • 117University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  • 118University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
  • 119University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
  • 120University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
  • 121University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • 122University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • 123University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  • 124Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
  • 125Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
  • 126Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
  • 127Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
  • 128Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
  • 129Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
  • 130Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
  • 131Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
  • 132Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
  • 133Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
  • 134Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  • 135Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
  • 136Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
  • 137Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 138Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • 139Affiliated with an institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
  • 140Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

  • *Full author list given at the end of the article.
  • †Deceased.
  • ‡Also at Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik, Munich, Germany.
  • §Also at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Bologna, Italy.
  • ∥Also at Dipartimento DET del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.
  • Also at Lehigh University, USA.
  • **Also at Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
  • ††Also at Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
  • ‡‡Also at Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.

Phys. Rev. D 112, 092002 – Published 7 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/v4mh-3r8z

Abstract

A signal consistent with the Ω(2012) baryon has been observed with a significance of 15σ in pp collisions at s=13  TeV at the LHC. In this paper, the analysis technique is described and measurements of the mass and width of the Ω(2012) are reported, along with the first measurement of its transverse-momentum spectrum and yield. This paper corroborates the observation by the Belle Collaboration of this excited Ω state and the observation that the Ω(2012) has a rather narrow width for a strongly decaying resonance. The yield measurement is combined with a statistical thermal model calculation of strange baryon yield ratios to obtain estimates of the Ω(2012)−→ΞK¯ branching ratios. These results will improve our understanding of the internal structure and mass spectrum of excited baryon states and serve as a baseline for searches regarding modifications of these properties in high-temperature media.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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