Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Nucleon resonance structure up to 2 GeV and the nature of the Roper resonance

S. Owa1, D. B. Leinweber2, and A. W. Thomas1

  • 1CSSM and ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Adelaide, Australia
  • 2CSSM, Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Adelaide, Australia

Phys. Rev. D 111, 116002 – Published 5 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tt7s-p9gj

Abstract

The study of the spectrum of excited states of the nucleon is vital to our understanding of how QCD is realized in the baryon spectrum. Using a simultaneous analysis of the pion nucleon scattering data up to 2 GeV as well as the results of lattice QCD calculations, we obtain new insight into the nature of the Roper resonance as well as the excited states around 1.9 GeV.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (56)

  1. J. M. M. Hall, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, B. J. Menadue, B. J. Owen, A. W. Thomas, and R. D. Young, Lattice QCD evidence that the Λ(1405) resonance is an antikaon-nucleon molecule, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 132002 (2015).
  2. J. M. M. Hall, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, B. J. Menadue, B. J. Owen, and A. W. Thomas, Light-quark contributions to the magnetic form factor of the Λ(1405), Phys. Rev. D 95, 054510 (2017).
  3. J. A. Oller and U. G. Meißner, Chiral dynamics in the presence of bound states: Kaon nucleon interactions revisited, Phys. Lett. B 500, 263 (2001).
  4. N. Kaiser, P. B. Siegel, and W. Weise, Chiral dynamics and the low-energy kaon–nucleon interaction, Nucl. Phys. A594, 325 (1995).
  5. E. A. Veit, B. K. Jennings, A. W. Thomas, and R. C. Barrett, S wave meson–Nucleon scattering in an SU(3) cloudy bag model, Phys. Rev. D 31, 1033 (1985).
  6. R. H. Dalitz and S. F. Tuan, A possible resonant state in pion-hyperon scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2, 425 (1959).
  7. R. Molina and M. Döring, Pole structure of the Λ(1405) in a recent QCD simulation, Phys. Rev. D 94, 056010 (2016).
  8. D. Leinweber, W. Kamleh, A. Kiratidis, Z.-W. Liu, S. Mahbub, D. Roberts, F. Stokes, A. W. Thomas, and J. Wu, N* spectroscopy from lattice QCD: The roper explained, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Conf. Proc. 10, 010011 (2016).
  9. A. L. Kiratidis, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, Z.-W. Liu, F. M. Stokes, and A. W. Thomas, Search for low-lying lattice QCD eigenstates in the Roper regime, Phys. Rev. D 95, 074507 (2017).
  10. J.-j. Wu, D. B. Leinweber, Z.-w. Liu, and A. W. Thomas, Structure of the roper resonance from Lattice QCD constraints, Phys. Rev. D 97, 094509 (2018).
  11. V. D. Burkert and C. D. Roberts, Colloquium : Roper resonance: Toward a solution to the fifty year puzzle, Rev. Mod. Phys. 91, 011003 (2019).
  12. J. Segovia, B. El-Bennich, E. Rojas, I. C. Cloet, C. D. Roberts, S.-S. Xu, and H.-S. Zong, Completing the picture of the Roper resonance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 171801 (2015).
  13. Z.-W. Liu, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, F. M. Stokes, A. W. Thomas, and J.-J. Wu, Hamiltonian effective field theory study of the N*(1440) resonance in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 95, 034034 (2017).
  14. N. Kaiser, P. B. Siegel, and W. Weise, Chiral dynamics and the S11 (1535) nucleon resonance, Phys. Lett. B 362, 23 (1995).
  15. P. C. Bruns, M. Mai, and U. G. Meißner, Chiral dynamics of the S11(1535) and S11(1650) resonances revisited, Phys. Lett. B 697, 254 (2011).
  16. T. Sekihara, T. Arai, J. Yamagata-Sekihara, and S. Yasui, Compositeness of baryonic resonances: Application to the Δ(1232),N(1535), and N(1650) resonances, Phys. Rev. C 93, 035204 (2016).
  17. Z.-W. Liu, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, F. M. Stokes, A. W. Thomas, and J.-J. Wu, Hamiltonian effective field theory study of the N*(1535) resonance in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 082004 (2016).
  18. C. D. Abell, D. B. Leinweber, Z.-W. Liu, A. W. Thomas, and J.-J. Wu, Low-lying odd-parity nucleon resonances as quark-model-like states, Phys. Rev. D 108, 094519 (2023).
  19. F. M. Stokes, W. Kamleh, and D. B. Leinweber, Elastic form factors of nucleon excitations in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 102, 014507 (2020).
  20. H. J. Weber, Electroexcitation of the N* (1440) in the relativistic constituent quark model, Phys. Rev. C 41, 2783 (1990).
  21. B. Juliá-Díaz and D. Riska, The role of qqqqq¯ components in the nucleon and the N(1440) resonance, Nucl. Phys. A780, 175 (2006).
  22. B. Golli and S. Sirca, Roper resonances in chiral quark models, Eur. Phys. J. A 38, 271 (2008).
  23. B. Golli, S. Širca, and M. Fiolhais, Pion electro-production in the Roper region in chiral quark models, Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 185 (2009).
  24. U.-G. Meißner and J. Durso, Effects of bag surface motion with relativistic kinematics, Nucl. Phys. A430, 670 (1984).
  25. C. Hajduk and B. Schwesinger, The breathing mode of nucleons and Δ-isobars in the Skyrme model, Phys. Lett. 140B, 172 (1984).
  26. C. Schütz, J. Haidenbauer, J. Speth, and J. W. Durso, Extended coupled channels model for πN scattering and the structure of N*(1440) and N*(1535), Phys. Rev. C 57, 1464 (1998).
  27. O. Krehl, C. Hanhart, S. Krewald, and J. Speth, What is the structure of the Roper resonance?, Phys. Rev. C 62, 025207 (2000).
  28. A. Matsuyama, T. Sato, and T.-S. Lee, Dynamical coupled-channel model of meson production reactions in the nucleon resonance region, Phys. Rep. 439, 193 (2007).
  29. H. Kamano, S. X. Nakamura, T.-S. H. Lee, and T. Sato, Extraction of P11 resonances from πN data, Phys. Rev. C 81, 065207 (2010).
  30. H. Kamano, S. X. Nakamura, T.-S. H. Lee, and T. Sato, Nucleon resonances within a dynamical coupled-channels model of πN and γN reactions, Phys. Rev. C 88, 035209 (2013).
  31. T. Barnes and F. Close, Where are hermaphrodite baryons?, Phys. Lett. B 123, 89 (1983).
  32. E. Golowich, E. Haqq, and G. Karl, Are there baryons which contain constituent gluons?, Phys. Rev. D 28, 160 (1983).
  33. L. S. Kisslinger and Z. Li, Hybrid baryons via QCD sum rules, Phys. Rev. D 51, R5986 (1995).
  34. D. S. Roberts, W. Kamleh, and D. B. Leinweber, Wave function of the Roper from lattice QCD, Phys. Lett. B 725, 164 (2013).
  35. A. L. Kiratidis, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, and B. J. Owen, Lattice baryon spectroscopy with multiparticle interpolators, Phys. Rev. D 91, 094509 (2015).
  36. D. Severt, M. Mai, and U.-G. Meißner, Particle-dimer approach for the Roper resonance in a finite volume, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2023) 100.
  37. N. Suzuki, B. Juliá-Díaz, H. Kamano, T.-S. H. Lee, A. Matsuyama, and T. Sato, Disentangling the dynamical origin of P11 nucleon resonances, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 042302 (2010).
  38. M. S. Mahbub, W. Kamleh, D. B. Leinweber, P. J. Moran, and A. G. Williams, Roper resonance in 2+1 flavor QCD, Phys. Lett. B 707, 389 (2012).
  39. R. G. Edwards, J. J. Dudek, D. G. Richards, and S. J. Wallace, Excited state baryon spectroscopy from lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 84, 074508 (2011).
  40. G. P. Engel, C. B. Lang, D. Mohler, and A. Schäfer [BGR (Bern-Graz-Regensburg) Collaboration], QCD with two light dynamical chirally improved quarks: Baryons, Phys. Rev. D 87, 074504 (2013).
  41. C. Alexandrou, T. Leontiou, C. N. Papanicolas, and E. Stiliaris, Novel analysis method for excited states in lattice QCD: The nucleon case, Phys. Rev. D 91, 014506 (2015).
  42. T. Khan, D. Richards, and F. Winter, Positive-parity baryon spectrum and the role of hybrid baryons, Phys. Rev. D 104, 034503 (2021).
  43. J. M. M. Hall, A. C.-P. Hsu, D. B. Leinweber, A. W. Thomas, and R. D. Young, Finite-volume matrix Hamiltonian model for a Δ→Nπ system, Phys. Rev. D 87, 094510 (2013).
  44. C. D. Abell, D. B. Leinweber, A. W. Thomas, and J.-J. Wu, Regularization in nonperturbative extensions of effective field theory, Phys. Rev. D 106, 034506 (2022).
  45. L. Hockley, C. Abell, D. Leinweber, and A. Thomas, Understanding the nature of the Δ(1600) resonance, Phys. Rev. D 111, 076027 (2025).
  46. Y. Li, J.-J. Wu, D. B. Leinweber, and A. W. Thomas, Hamiltonian effective field theory in elongated or moving finite volume, Phys. Rev. D 103, 094518 (2021).
  47. D. B. Leinweber, A. W. Thomas, K. Tsushima, and S. V. Wright, Baryon masses from lattice QCD: Beyond the perturbative chiral regime, Phys. Rev. D 61, 074502 (2000).
  48. J. F. Donoghue, B. R. Holstein, and B. Borasoy, SU(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory and long distance regularization, Phys. Rev. D 59, 036002 (1999).
  49. N. Suzuki, T. Sato, and T. S. H. Lee, Extraction of resonances from meson-nucleon reactions, Phys. Rev. C 79, 025205 (2009).
  50. A. Walker-Loud, Nuclear physics review, Proc. Sci. LATTICE2013 (2014) 013 [arXiv:1401.8259].
  51. J.-J. Wu, T.-S. H. Lee, A. W. Thomas, and R. D. Young, Finite-volume Hamiltonian method for coupled-channels interactions in lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. C 90, 055206 (2014).
  52. INS Data Analysis Center, Pion nucleon partial wave amplitudes WI08 solution (2025), https://gwdac.phys.gwu.edu/.
  53. R. L. Workman et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).
  54. C. B. Lang, L. Leskovec, M. Padmanath, and S. Prelovsek, Pion-nucleon scattering in the Roper channel from lattice QCD, Phys. Rev. D 95, 014510 (2017).
  55. S. Aoki, K.-I. Ishikawa, N. Ishizuka, T. Izubuchi, D. Kadoh, K. Kanaya, Y. Kuramashi, Y. Namekawa, M. Okawa, Y. Taniguchi, A. Ukawa, N. Ukita, and T. Yoshié (PACS-CS Collaboration), 2+ 1 flavor lattice QCD toward the physical point, Phys. Rev. D 79, 034503 (2009).
  56. U.-G. Meißner and J. Oller, Chiral unitary meson–baryon dynamics in the presence of resonances: elastic pion–nucleon scattering, Nucl. Phys. A673, 311 (2000).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation