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  • Letter

Relativistic implications of entropy and purity

Joseph Balsells*,† and Martin Bojowald‡

  • *Present address: Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-based Sciences and Education, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
  • †Contact author: jab934@cornell.edu
  • ‡Contact author: bojowald@psu.edu

Phys. Rev. D 113, L121505 – Published 17 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tr7v-lq5y

Abstract

A quantum object is extended by virtue of uncertainty. When subjected to gravity, different parts of its wave function experience distinct local relativistic effects, leading to tidal and interference phenomena absent in the classical limit. These effects can be incorporated into a geometric extension of classical spacetime. For states quantum correlated in at least two directions, a complete description of motion requires a non-Riemannian geometry whose form is controlled by the state’s entropy and purity and affects a broad range of phenomena from laboratory measurements to Hawking radiation. A specific implication of this framework is the appearance of quantum parameters in the time-dilation law in addition to the usual dependence on velocity and gravitational potential. The quantum-corrected time-dilation law is universal: the corrections depend solely on the external degrees of freedom and are independent of internal details of the clock mechanism.

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