Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Investigating the internal structure of X(6900) in the 2J/ψ decay channel

Duo-Duo Lu and Shao-Zhou Jiang*

  • Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China

  • *Contact author: jsz@gxu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 113, 094034 – Published 26 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tnmr-tj6v

Abstract

Assuming X(6900) is a tetraquark state, the decay width of X(6900)→2J/ψ is calculated in a covariant quark model, with the diquark-antidiquark [cc][c¯c¯] picture. Two possible structures, vector-vector and axial-vector–axial-vector coupling, are investigated. The result indicates that the axial-vector–axial-vector coupling is consistent with the experiments. Additionally, as another application of the covariant quark model, the decay width of X(6900)→2ηc is predicted to be 66–88 keV.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (56)

  1. S. K. Choi et al. (Belle Collaboration), Observation of a narrow charmoniumlike state in exclusive B±→K±π+π−J/ψ decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 262001 (2003).
  2. H.-X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, Y.-R. Liu, and S.-L. Zhu, An updated review of the new hadron states, Rep. Prog. Phys. 86, 026201 (2022).
  3. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Observation of structure in the J/ψ-pair mass spectrum, Sci. Bull. 65, 1983 (2020).
  4. W. Chen, H.-X. Chen, X. Liu, T. Steele, and S.-L. Zhu, Hunting for exotic doubly hidden-charm/bottom tetraquark states, Phys. Lett. B 773, 247 (2017).
  5. J. Zhang, J.-B. Wang, G. Li, C.-S. An, C.-R. Deng, and J.-J. Xie, Spectrum of the S-wave fully-heavy tetraquark states, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 1126 (2022).
  6. X.-Z. Weng, X.-L. Chen, W.-Z. Deng, and S.-L. Zhu, Systematics of fully heavy tetraquarks, Phys. Rev. D 103, 034001 (2021).
  7. H.-X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, and S.-L. Zhu, Strong decays of fully-charm tetraquarks into di-charmonia, Sci. Bull. 65, 1994 (2020).
  8. H.-X. Chen, Y.-X. Yan, and W. Chen, Decay behaviors of the fully bottom and fully charm tetraquark states, Phys. Rev. D 106, 094019 (2022).
  9. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Observation of an excess of dicharmonium events in the four-muon final state with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 151902 (2023).
  10. A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), New structures in the J/ψJ/ψ mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 111901 (2024).
  11. A. Hayrapetyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Determination of the spin and parity of all-charm tetraquarks, Nature (London) 648, 58 (2025).
  12. V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Observation of ϒ(1S) pair production in proton-proton collisions at s=8  TeV, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2017) 013.
  13. R. Aaij et al. (LHCb Collaboration), Search for beautiful tetraquarks in the ϒ(1S) μ+ μ− invariant-mass spectrum, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2018) 086.
  14. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Measurement of the Y(1S) pair production cross section and search for resonances decaying to ϒ(1S) μ+ μ− in proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV, Phys. Lett. B 808, 135578 (2020).
  15. Y. Bai, S. Lu, and J. Osborne, Beauty-full tetraquarks, Phys. Lett. B 798, 134930 (2019).
  16. C. Hughes, E. Eichten, and C. T. H. Davies, Searching for beauty-fully bound tetraquarks using lattice nonrelativistic QCD, Phys. Rev. D 97, 054505 (2018).
  17. W.-L. Sang, T. Wang, Y.-D. Zhang, and F. Feng, Electromagnetic and hadronic decay of fully heavy tetraquarks, Phys. Rev. D 109, 056016 (2024).
  18. S. S. Agaev, K. Azizi, B. Barsbay, and H. Sundu, Decays of fully beauty scalar tetraquarks to BqB¯q and Bq*B¯q* mesons, Phys. Rev. D 109, 014006 (2024).
  19. E. Chapon, D. d’Enterria, B. Ducloue, M. G. Echevarria, P.-B. Gossiaux, V. Kartvelishvili, T. Kasemets, J.-P. Lansberg, R. McNulty, D. D. Price et al., Prospects for quarkonium studies at the high-luminosity LHC, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 122, 103906 (2022).
  20. R. Alkofer, A. Höll, M. Kloker, A. Krassnigg, and C. Roberts, On nucleon electromagnetic form factors, Few-Body Syst. 37, 1 (2005).
  21. F. Feng, Y. Huang, Y. Jia, W.-L. Sang, and J.-Y. Zhang, Exclusive radiative production of fully-charmed tetraquarks at B factory, Phys. Lett. B 818, 136368 (2021).
  22. Y. Huang, F. Feng, Y. Jia, W.-L. Sang, D.-S. Yang, and J.-Y. Zhang, Inclusive production of fully-charmed 1+− tetraquark at B factory, Chin. Phys. C 45, 093101 (2021).
  23. R. Maciuła, W. Schäfer, and A. Szczurek, On the mechanism of T4c(6900) tetraquark production, Phys. Lett. B 812, 136010 (2021).
  24. V. P. Gonçalves and B. D. Moreira, Fully-heavy tetraquark production by γγ interactions in hadronic collisions at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 816, 136249 (2021).
  25. X.-Y. Wang, Q.-Y. Lin, H. Xu, Y.-P. Xie, Y. Huang, and X. Chen, Discovery potential for the LHCb fully charm tetraquark X(6900) state via p¯p annihilation reaction, Phys. Rev. D 102, 116014 (2020).
  26. A. Esposito, C. A. Manzari, A. Pilloni, and A. D. Polosa, Hunting for tetraquarks in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rev. D 104, 114029 (2021).
  27. M. A. Bedolla, J. Ferretti, C. Roberts, and E. Santopinto, Spectrum of fully-heavy tetraquarks from a diquark + antidiquark perspective, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 1004 (2020).
  28. Z. Zhao, K. Xu, A. Kaewsnod, X. Liu, A. Limphirat, and Y. Yan, Study of charmoniumlike and fully-charm tetraquark spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. D 103, 116027 (2021).
  29. H. Mutuk, Nonrelativistic treatment of fully-heavy tetraquarks as diquark-antidiquark states, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 367 (2021).
  30. G.-J. Wang, L. Meng, M. Oka, and S.-L. Zhu, Higher fully charmed tetraquarks: Radial excitations and P-wave states, Phys. Rev. D 104, 036016 (2021).
  31. Z.-G. Wang and X.-S. Yang, The two-body strong decays of the fully-charm tetraquark states, AAPPS Bull. 34, 5 (2024).
  32. X.-S. Yang and Z.-G. Wang, Strong decays of the fully charmed tetraquark states with explicit P-waves via QCD sum rules, Chin. Phys. C 49, 063108 (2025).
  33. Z.-G. Wang, Analysis of the QQQ¯Q¯ tetraquark states with QCD sum rules, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 432 (2017).
  34. Z.-G. Wang, Analysis of the X(6600), X(6900), X(7300) and related tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules, Nucl. Phys. B985, 115983 (2022).
  35. G.-L. Yu, Z.-Y. Li, Z.-G. Wang, L. Jie, and Y. Meng, The S- and P-wave fully charmed tetraquark states and their radial excitations, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 416 (2023).
  36. R. Zhu, Fully-heavy tetraquark spectra and production at hadron colliders, Nucl. Phys. B966, 115393 (2021).
  37. K. Chen, F.-X. Liu, Q. Zhao, X.-H. Zhong, R. Zhu, and B.-S. Zou, Decoding spin-parity quantum numbers and decay widths of double J/Ψ exotic states, arXiv:2412.13455.
  38. W.-C. Dong and Z.-G. Wang, Going in quest of potential tetraquark interpretations for the newly observed Tψψ states in light of the diquark-antidiquark scenarios, Phys. Rev. D 107, 074010 (2023).
  39. W.-C. Dong, Z.-G. Wang, and J.-W. Zhou, Exploring the interpretations of charmonia and ccc¯c¯ tetraquarks in the relativistic flux tube model, Symmetry 17, 931 (2025).
  40. Z.-G. Wang, Review of the QCD sum rules for exotic states, Front. Phys. (Beijing) 21, 016300 (2026).
  41. W.-L. Wu, Y.-K. Chen, Y. Ma, L. Meng, and S.-L. Zhu, Tetraquark states in the quark model, J. Subat. Part. Cosmol. 4, 100184 (2025).
  42. Z.-H. Guo and J. A. Oller, Insights into the inner structures of the fully charmed tetraquark state X(6900), Phys. Rev. D 103, 034024 (2021).
  43. F. Goerke, T. Gutsche, M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Körner, V. E. Lyubovitskij, and P. Santorelli, Four-quark structure of the Zc(3900), Z(4430), and Xb(5568) states, Phys. Rev. D 94, 094017 (2016).
  44. S. Dubnicka, A. Z. Dubnickova, M. A. Ivanov, and J. G. Körner, Quark model description of the tetraquark state X(3872) in a relativistic constituent quark model with infrared confinement, Phys. Rev. D 81, 114007 (2010).
  45. S. Dubnicka, A. Z. Dubnickova, M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Köerner, P. Santorelli, and G. G. Saidullaeva, One-photon decay of the tetraquark state X(3872)→γ+J/ψ in a relativistic constituent quark model with infrared confinement, Phys. Rev. D 84, 014006 (2011).
  46. A. Faessler, T. Gutsche, M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Körner, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, Semileptonic decays of double heavy baryons in a relativistic constituent three-quark model, Phys. Rev. D 80, 034025 (2009).
  47. M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Körner, V. E. Lyubovitskij, and A. G. Rusetsky, Strong and radiative decays of heavy flavored baryons, Phys. Rev. D 60, 094002 (1999).
  48. A. Faessler, T. Gutsche, M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Körner, V. E. Lyubovitskij, D. Nicmorus, and K. Pumsa-ard, Magnetic moments of heavy baryons in the relativistic three-quark model, Phys. Rev. D 73, 094013 (2006).
  49. M. A. Ivanov, V. E. Lyubovitskij, J. G. Körner, and P. Kroll, Heavy baryon transitions in a relativistic three-quark model, Phys. Rev. D 56, 348 (1997).
  50. M. A. Ivanov, M. P. Locher, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, Electromagnetic form factors of nucleons in a relativistic three-quark model, Few-Body Syst. 21, 131 (1996).
  51. M. A. Ivanov, J. Körner, V. E. Lyubovitskij, and A. Rusetsky, Charm and bottom baryon decays in the Bethe-Salpeter approach: Heavy to heavy semileptonic transitions, Phys. Rev. D 59, 074016 (1999).
  52. I. V. Anikin, M. A. Ivanov, N. B. Kulimanova, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, The extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with separable interaction: Low energy pion physics and pion-nucleon form factor, Z. Phys. C Part. Fields 65, 681 (1995).
  53. T. Branz, A. Faessler, T. Gutsche, M. A. Ivanov, J. G. Körner, and V. E. Lyubovitskij, Relativistic constituent quark model with infrared confinement, Phys. Rev. D 81, 034010 (2010).
  54. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  55. S. S. Agaev, K. Azizi, B. Barsbay, and H. Sundu, Fully charmed resonance X(6900) and its beauty counterpart, Nucl. Phys. A1041, 122768 (2024).
  56. B.-D. Wan and C.-F. Qiao, Gluonic tetracharm configuration of X(6900), Phys. Lett. B 817, 136339 (2021).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation