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    Archival inference for eccentric stellar-mass binary black holes in space-based gravitational wave observations

    Han Wang (王晗)1,2,3, Michael J. Williams3, Ian Harry3, and Yi-Ming Hu (胡一鸣)2,*

    • 1Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
    • 2MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission, TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Frontiers Science Center for TianQin, Gravitational Wave Research Center of CNSA, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
    • 3University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom

    • *Contact author: huyiming@mail.sysu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 063040 – Published 23 March, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/tbgw-vnb7

    Abstract

    Space-based gravitational-wave observatories will detect the early inspiral of stellar-mass binary black holes and can track their eccentricity evolution. However, untargeted searches in the space band are computationally demanding and require relatively high detection thresholds (signal-to-noise ratio ∼15). Information from ground-based detections can significantly shrink the parameter space for space-band analyses and thereby substantially reduce the detection threshold. We present a Bayesian inference pipeline for ground-triggered archival space-band analyses that includes eccentricity. Using ground-informed priors, we demonstrate that with one year of LISA or TianQin data a GW190521-like source with signal-to-noise ratio ∼7 can be distinguished and tightly constrained. In this setup, space observations sharpened the redshifted chirp mass from O(10−3)M⊙ to O(10−5)M⊙, and constrain the eccentricity to O(10−5) around the injected value e0.01  Hz=0.1. These results demonstrate that inference of eccentric stellar-mass binary black holes in noisy space-band data is practically feasible, supports an expanded yield of multiband detections, and strengthens prospects for future astrophysical and gravitational tests.

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