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Constraining the 3HDM parameter space using active learning

Nipun Batra1,*, Baradhwaj Coleppa2,†, Akshat Khanna2,‡, Santosh Kumar Rai3,§, and Agnivo Sarkar3,∥

  • *Contact author: nipun.batra@iitgn.ac.in
  • †Contact author: baradhwaj@iitgn.ac.in
  • ‡Contact author: khanna_akshat@iitgn.ac.in
  • §Contact author: skrai@hri.res.in
  • ∥Contact author: agnivosarkar@hri.res.in
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015011 – Published 15 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t5df-67wh

Abstract

One of the standard ways to study scenarios beyond the Standard Model involves extending the Higgs sector. This work examines the three Higgs doublet model (3HDM) in a type-Z or democratic setup, where each Higgs doublet couples exclusively to a specific type of fermion. The particle spectrum of the 3HDM includes four charged Higgs bosons, two CP-odd scalars, and three CP-even scalars. This work investigates the allowed mass and coupling parameter space in the type-Z 3HDM after imposing all theoretical and experimental constraints. We extract the allowed parameter space under three distinct alignment-limit conditions or mass hierarchies leveraging machine learning techniques. Specifically, we analyze scenarios where the 125 GeV Higgs is the lightest, an intermediary, or the heaviest CP-even Higgs boson. Our findings indicate that while a single lighter CP-even Higgs boson below 125 GeV still remains a possibility, the presence of two lighter Higgses is ruled out.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015011– Published 15 July, 2025
  • Received 16 May 2025
  • Accepted 20 June 2025
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