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Hadronic decays of possible pseudoscalar $P$ -wave $D {\bar{D}}^{} / \bar{D} D^{}$ molecular state

Shi-Dong Liu ^1,*, Qi Wu^2,†, and Gang Li ^1,‡

¹College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
²Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China

^*Contact author: liusd@qfnu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: wuqi@htu.edu.cn
^‡Contact author: gli@qfnu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 112, 074002 – Published 3 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t3q7-fml8

Abstract

Recently, the new structure $G (3900)$ observed by the BESIII Collaboration in the $e^{+} e^{-} \to D \bar{D}$ was identified to be the $P$ -wave $D {\bar{D}}^{*} / \bar{D} D^{*}$ vector molecular resonance using a unified meson exchange model. Apart from the vector $P$ -wave state, a possible pseudoscalar $P$ -wave molecular state of the $D {\bar{D}}^{*} / \bar{D} D^{*}$ [called $G_{0} (3900)$ for short] was also predicted, which is likely to be observed in future experiments. Within the molecular framework, we calculated the partial decay widths for a series of hadronic decays of the $G_{0}$ , including $G_{0} \to ω (ρ^{0}) J / ψ$ , $π^{+} π^{-} η_{c} (1 S)$ , $π^{+} π^{-} χ_{c 1} (1 P)$ , and $D^{0} {\bar{D}}^{0} π^{0}$ . Under present model parameters, the hidden-charm decay modes are dominated by the $G_{0} \to ω J / ψ$ and $G_{0} \to π^{+} π^{-} η_{c} (1 S)$ , and the partial widths can reach 1 MeV and 0.1 MeV, respectively. The open-charm channel $G_{0} \to D^{0} {\bar{D}}^{0} π^{0}$ exhibits a rather small decay rate ( $\sim 0.1 keV$ ). In terms of our present predictions, we suggest BESIII and Belle II to search for the pseudoscalar $P$ -wave $D {\bar{D}}^{*} / \bar{D} D^{*}$ molecular state with $J^{P C} = 0^{- +}$ in the hidden-charm processes $G_{0} \to ω J / ψ$ or $G_{0} \to π^{+} π^{-} η_{c} (1 S)$ .

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074002– Published 3 October, 2025

Vol. 112, Iss. 7 — 1 October 2025

Received 20 July 2025
Accepted 17 September 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/t3q7-fml8

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Hadronic decays of possible pseudoscalar $P$ -wave $D {\bar{D}}^{} / \bar{D} D^{}$ molecular state

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Hadronic decays of possible pseudoscalar P-wave DD¯*/D¯D* molecular state

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Hadronic decays of possible pseudoscalar $P$ -wave $D {\bar{D}}^{} / \bar{D} D^{}$ molecular state