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Right-handed neutrino production from Z′ interactions in forward search experiments

ShivaSankar K. A.1,*, Souvik Das2,3,†, Arindam Das4,1,‡, and Sanjoy Mandal5,§

  • *Contact author: a-shiva@particle.sci.hokudai.ac.jp
  • †Contact author: souvik_das@tamu.edu
  • ‡Contact author: adas@particle.sci.hokudai.ac.jp
  • §Contact author: smandal@kias.re.kr
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 115045 – Published 31 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/s9jw-ckzm

Abstract

We study two general U(1) extensions of the Standard Model (SM) those generate tiny neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism after general U(1) breaking. These models predict a new neutral gauge boson (Z′) and right-handed neutrinos (RHNs), the latter introduced for anomaly cancellation and neutrino mass generation. In both scenarios, left- and right-handed fermions couple differently to the Z′, and RHNs mix with light neutrinos, enabling variety of decay modes. Focusing on the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future FASER2 experiment, we explore RHN pair production from Z′ decays in two cases; (i) long-lived Z′ decays to visible modes and long-lived RHNs, and (ii) short-lived Z′ decays to long-lived RHNs, which further decay visibly inside FASER2. We estimate projected limits on the general U(1) gauge coupling, Z′ mass, RHN mass, and light-heavy neutrino mixing for various U(1) charge assignments, and compare them with current experimental bounds.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 115045– Published 31 December, 2025
  • Received 1 September 2025
  • Accepted 1 December 2025
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