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Nucleon energy correlators for the odderon

Heikki Mäntysaari1,2,*, Yossathorn Tawabutr1,2,3,†, and Xuan-Bo Tong1,2,‡

  • *Contact author: heikki.mantysaari@juy.fi
  • †Contact author: yossathorn.t@chula.ac.th
  • ‡Contact author: xuan.bo.tong@jyu.fi
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 114027 – Published 16 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/rmzx-tgm2

Abstract

We investigate the T-odd nucleon energy correlator (NEC) at small-x and establish its connection with the spin-dependent odderon. Probing the T-odd NEC involves measuring a single transverse spin asymmetry (SSA) for the energy pattern in the target fragmentation region in deep inelastic scattering. We find that while the inclusive energy pattern results in a vanishing SSA, a nonzero SSA emerges when restricting the measurement to charged hadrons, which are directly measured in tracking detectors. To describe this effect, we introduce the track-based NEC and evaluate its small-x limit from fracture functions using the energy sum rule. The resulting SSA exhibits an opposite sign between positively and negatively charged hadrons, providing a clear experimental signature of the odderon. Furthermore, by incorporating charge weighting into the NEC, we construct a C-odd tag in the final state, eliminating potential contamination from C-even gluonic contributions. Our results demonstrate that these track-based energy-pattern observables offer a clean and sensitive probe for unveiling odderon dynamics at the future electron-ion collider.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 114027– Published 16 December, 2025
  • Received 16 September 2025
  • Accepted 10 November 2025
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