Open Access

Measurement of the Lund plane for light- and beauty-quark jets

R. Aaij ³⁸, A. S. W. Abdelmotteleb ⁵⁷, C. Abellan Beteta ⁵¹, F. Abudinén ⁵⁷, T. Ackernley ⁶¹, A. A. Adefisoye ⁶⁹, B. Adeva ⁴⁷, M. Adinolfi ⁵⁵, P. Adlarson ⁸⁴ et al. (LHCb Collaboration)

P. Adlarson ⁸⁴, C. Agapopoulou ¹⁴, C. A. Aidala ⁸⁶, Z. Ajaltouni¹¹, S. Akar ¹¹, K. Akiba ³⁸, P. Albicocco ²⁸, J. Albrecht ^19,b, F. Alessio ⁴⁹, Z. Aliouche ⁶³, P. Alvarez Cartelle ⁵⁶, R. Amalric ¹⁶, S. Amato ³, J. L. Amey ⁵⁵, Y. Amhis ¹⁴, L. An ⁶, L. Anderlini ²⁷, M. Andersson ⁵¹, P. Andreola ⁵¹, M. Andreotti ²⁶, A. Anelli ^31,49,c, D. Ao ⁷, F. Archilli ^37,d, Z Areg⁶⁹, M. Argenton ²⁶, S. Arguedas Cuendis ^9,49, A. Artamonov ⁴⁴, M. Artuso ⁶⁹, E. Aslanides ¹³, R. Ataíde Da Silva ⁵⁰, M. Atzeni ⁶⁵, B. Audurier ¹², J. A. Authier ¹⁵, D. Bacher ⁶⁴, I. Bachiller Perea ⁵⁰, S. Bachmann ²², M. Bachmayer ⁵⁰, J. J. Back ⁵⁷, P. Baladron Rodriguez ⁴⁷, V. Balagura ¹⁵, A. Balboni ²⁶, W. Baldini ²⁶, L. Balzani ¹⁹, H. Bao ⁷, J. Baptista de Souza Leite ⁶¹, C. Barbero Pretel ^47,12, M. Barbetti ²⁷, I. R. Barbosa ⁷⁰, R. J. Barlow ⁶³, M. Barnyakov ²⁵, S. Barsuk ¹⁴, W. Barter ⁵⁹, J. Bartz ⁶⁹, S. Bashir ⁴⁰, B. Batsukh ⁵, P. B. Battista ¹⁴, A. Bay ⁵⁰, A. Beck ⁶⁵, M. Becker ¹⁹, F. Bedeschi ³⁵, I. B. Bediaga ², N. A. Behling ¹⁹, S. Belin ⁴⁷, K. Belous ⁴⁴, I. Belov ²⁹, I. Belyaev ³⁶, G. Benane ¹³, G. Bencivenni ²⁸, E. Ben-Haim ¹⁶, A. Berezhnoy ⁴⁴, R. Bernet ⁵¹, S. Bernet Andres ⁴⁶, A. Bertolin ³³, C. Betancourt ⁵¹, F. Betti ⁵⁹, J. Bex ⁵⁶, Ia. Bezshyiko ⁵¹, O. Bezshyyko ⁸⁵, J. Bhom ⁴¹, M. S. Bieker ¹⁸, N. V. Biesuz ²⁶, P. Billoir ¹⁶, A. Biolchini ³⁸, M. Birch ⁶², F. C. R. Bishop ¹⁰, A. Bitadze ⁶³, A. Bizzeti ^27,e, T. Blake ^57,f, F. Blanc ⁵⁰, J. E. Blank ¹⁹, S. Blusk ⁶⁹, V. Bocharnikov ⁴⁴, J. A. Boelhauve ¹⁹, O. Boente Garcia ¹⁵, T. Boettcher ⁶⁸, A. Bohare ⁵⁹, A. Boldyrev ⁴⁴, C. S. Bolognani ⁸¹, R. Bolzonella ²⁶, R. B. Bonacci ¹, N. Bondar ^44,49, A. Bordelius ⁴⁹, F. Borgato ^33,49, S. Borghi ⁶³, M. Borsato ^31,c, J. T. Borsuk ⁸², E. Bottalico ⁶¹, S. A. Bouchiba ⁵⁰, M. Bovill ⁶⁴, T. J. V. Bowcock ⁶¹, A. Boyer ⁴⁹, C. Bozzi ²⁶, J. D. Brandenburg ⁸⁷, A. Brea Rodriguez ⁵⁰, N. Breer ¹⁹, J. Brodzicka ⁴¹, A. Brossa Gonzalo ^47,a, J. Brown ⁶¹, D. Brundu ³², E. Buchanan ⁵⁹, L. Buonincontri ^33,g, M. Burgos Marcos ⁸¹, A. T. Burke ⁶³, C. Burr ⁴⁹, J. S. Butter ⁵⁶, J. Buytaert ⁴⁹, W. Byczynski ⁴⁹, S. Cadeddu ³², H. Cai ⁷⁴, Y. Cai ⁵, A. Caillet ¹⁶, R. Calabrese ^26,h, S. Calderon Ramirez ⁹, L. Calefice ⁴⁵, S. Cali ²⁸, M. Calvi ^31,c, M. Calvo Gomez ⁴⁶, P. Camargo Magalhaes ^2,i, J. I. Cambon Bouzas ⁴⁷, P. Campana ²⁸, D. H. Campora Perez ⁸¹, A. F. Campoverde Quezada ⁷, S. Capelli ³¹, L. Capriotti ²⁶, R. Caravaca-Mora ⁹, A. Carbone ^25,j, L. Carcedo Salgado ⁴⁷, R. Cardinale ^29,k, A. Cardini ³², P. Carniti ³¹, L. Carus ²², A. Casais Vidal ⁶⁵, R. Caspary ²², G. Casse ⁶¹, M. Cattaneo ⁴⁹, G. Cavallero ²⁶, V. Cavallini ^26,h, S. Celani ²², S. Cesare ^30,l, A. J. Chadwick ⁶¹, I. Chahrour ⁸⁶, H. Chang ^4,m, M. Charles ¹⁶, Ph. Charpentier ⁴⁹, E. Chatzianagnostou ³⁸, M. Chefdeville ¹⁰, C. Chen ⁵⁶, J. Chen ⁵⁰, S. Chen ⁵, Z. Chen ⁷, A. Chernov ⁴¹, S. Chernyshenko ⁵³, X. Chiotopoulos ⁸¹, V. Chobanova ⁸³, M. Chrzaszcz ⁴¹, A. Chubykin ⁴⁴, V. Chulikov ^28,36, P. Ciambrone ²⁸, X. Cid Vidal ⁴⁷, G. Ciezarek ⁴⁹, P. Cifra ³⁸, P. E. L. Clarke ⁵⁹, M. Clemencic ⁴⁹, H. V. Cliff ⁵⁶, J. Closier ⁴⁹, C. Cocha Toapaxi ²², V. Coco ⁴⁹, J. Cogan ¹³, E. Cogneras ¹¹, L. Cojocariu ⁴³, S. Collaviti ⁵⁰, P. Collins ⁴⁹, T. Colombo ⁴⁹, M. Colonna ¹⁹, A. Comerma-Montells ⁴⁵, L. Congedo ²⁴, A. Contu ³², N. Cooke ⁶⁰, C. Coronel ⁶⁶, I. Corredoira ¹², A. Correia ¹⁶, G. Corti ⁴⁹, J. Cottee Meldrum ⁵⁵, B. Couturier ⁴⁹, D. C. Craik ⁵¹, M. Cruz Torres ^2,n, E. Curras Rivera ⁵⁰, R. Currie ⁵⁹, C. L. Da Silva ⁶⁸, S. Dadabaev ⁴⁴, L. Dai ⁷¹, X. Dai ⁴, E. Dall’Occo ⁴⁹, J. Dalseno ⁸³, C. D’Ambrosio ⁶², J. Daniel ¹¹, P. d’Argent ²⁴, G. Darze ³, A. Davidson ⁵⁷, J. E. Davies ⁶³, O. De Aguiar Francisco ⁶³, C. De Angelis ^32,o, F. De Benedetti ⁴⁹, J. de Boer ³⁸, K. De Bruyn ⁸⁰, S. De Capua ⁶³, M. De Cian ⁶³, U. De Freitas Carneiro Da Graca ^2,p, E. De Lucia ²⁸, J. M. De Miranda ², L. De Paula ³, M. De Serio ^24,q, P. De Simone ²⁸, F. De Vellis ¹⁹, J. A. de Vries ⁸¹, F. Debernardis ²⁴, D. Decamp ¹⁰, S. Dekkers ¹, L. Del Buono ¹⁶, B. Delaney ⁶⁵, H.-P. Dembinski ¹⁹, J. Deng ⁸, V. Denysenko ⁵¹, O. Deschamps ¹¹, F. Dettori ^32,o, B. Dey ⁷⁸, P. Di Nezza ²⁸, I. Diachkov ⁴⁴, S. Didenko ⁴⁴, S. Ding ⁶⁹, Y. Ding ⁵⁰, L. Dittmann ²², V. Dobishuk ⁵³, A. D. Docheva ⁶⁰, C. Dong ^4,m, A. M. Donohoe ²³, F. Dordei ³², A. C. dos Reis ², A. D. Dowling ⁶⁹, W. Duan ⁷², P. Duda ⁸², M. W. Dudek ⁴¹, L. Dufour ⁴⁹, V. Duk ³⁴, P. Durante ⁴⁹, M. M. Duras ⁸², J. M. Durham ⁶⁸, O. D. Durmus ⁷⁸, A. Dziurda ⁴¹, A. Dzyuba ⁴⁴, S. Easo ⁵⁸, E. Eckstein ¹⁸, U. Egede ¹, A. Egorychev ⁴⁴, V. Egorychev ⁴⁴, S. Eisenhardt ⁵⁹, E. Ejopu ⁶³, L. Eklund ⁸⁴, M. Elashri ⁶⁶, J. Ellbracht ¹⁹, S. Ely ⁶², A. Ene ⁴³, J. Eschle ⁶⁹, S. Esen ²², T. Evans ³⁸, F. Fabiano ³², S. Faghih ⁶⁶, L. N. Falcao ², B. Fang ⁷, R. Fantechi ³⁵, L. Fantini ^34,r, M. Faria ⁵⁰, K. Farmer ⁵⁹, D. Fazzini ^31,c, L. Felkowski ⁸², M. Feng ^5,7, M. Feo ¹⁹, A. Fernandez Casani ⁴⁸, M. Fernandez Gomez ⁴⁷, A. D. Fernez ⁶⁷, F. Ferrari ^25,j, F. Ferreira Rodrigues ³, M. Ferrillo ⁵¹, M. Ferro-Luzzi ⁴⁹, S. Filippov ⁴⁴, R. A. Fini ²⁴, M. Fiorini ^26,h, M. Firlej ⁴⁰, K. L. Fischer ⁶⁴, D. S. Fitzgerald ⁸⁶, C. Fitzpatrick ⁶³, T. Fiutowski ⁴⁰, F. Fleuret ¹⁵, A. Fomin ⁵², M. Fontana ²⁵, L. F. Foreman ⁶³, R. Forty ⁴⁹, D. Foulds-Holt ⁵⁹, V. Franco Lima ³, M. Franco Sevilla ⁶⁷, M. Frank ⁴⁹, E. Franzoso ^26,h, G. Frau ⁶³, C. Frei ⁴⁹, D. A. Friday ⁶³, J. Fu ⁷, Q. Führing ^19,56,b, Y. Fujii ¹, T. Fulghesu ¹³, G. Galati ²⁴, M. D. Galati ³⁸, A. Gallas Torreira ⁴⁷, D. Galli ^25,j, S. Gambetta ⁵⁹, M. Gandelman ³, P. Gandini ³⁰, B. Ganie ⁶³, H. Gao ⁷, R. Gao ⁶⁴, T. Q. Gao ⁵⁶, Y. Gao ⁸, Y. Gao ⁶, Y. Gao ⁸, L. M. Garcia Martin ⁵⁰, P. Garcia Moreno ⁴⁵, J. García Pardiñas ⁶⁵, P. Gardner ⁶⁷, K. G. Garg ⁸, L. Garrido ⁴⁵, C. Gaspar ⁴⁹, A. Gavrikov ³³, L. L. Gerken ¹⁹, E. Gersabeck ²⁰, M. Gersabeck ²⁰, T. Gershon ⁵⁷, S. Ghizzo ^29,k, Z. Ghorbanimoghaddam ⁵⁵, L. Giambastiani ^33,g, F. I. Giasemis ^16,s, V. Gibson ⁵⁶, H. K. Giemza ⁴², A. L. Gilman ⁶⁴, M. 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Morcillo Gomez ⁴⁷, G. Morello ²⁸, M. J. Morello ^35,v, M. P. Morgenthaler ²², J. Moron ⁴⁰, W. Morren ³⁸, A. B. Morris ⁴⁹, A. G. Morris ¹³, R. Mountain ⁶⁹, H. Mu ^4,m, Z. M. Mu ⁶, E. Muhammad ⁵⁷, F. Muheim ⁵⁹, M. Mulder ⁸⁰, K. Müller ⁵¹, F. Muñoz-Rojas ⁹, R. Murta ⁶², V. Mytrochenko ⁵², P. Naik ⁶¹, T. Nakada ⁵⁰, R. Nandakumar ⁵⁸, T. Nanut ⁴⁹, I. Nasteva ³, M. Needham ⁵⁹, E. Nekrasova ⁴⁴, N. Neri ^30,l, S. Neubert ¹⁸, N. Neufeld ⁴⁹, P. Neustroev⁴⁴, J. Nicolini ⁴⁹, D. Nicotra ⁸¹, E. M. Niel ¹⁵, N. Nikitin ⁴⁴, Q. Niu ⁷³, P. Nogarolli ³, P. Nogga ¹⁸, C. Normand ⁵⁵, J. Novoa Fernandez ⁴⁷, G. Nowak ⁶⁶, C. Nunez ⁸⁶, H. N. Nur ⁶⁰, A. Oblakowska-Mucha ⁴⁰, V. Obraztsov ⁴⁴, T. Oeser ¹⁷, A. Okhotnikov⁴⁴, O. Okhrimenko ⁵³, R. Oldeman ^32,o, F. Oliva ^59,49, M. Olocco ¹⁹, C. J. G. Onderwater ⁸¹, R. H. O’Neil ⁴⁹, D. Osthues ¹⁹, J. M. Otalora Goicochea ³, P. Owen ⁵¹, A. Oyanguren ⁴⁸, O. Ozcelik ⁴⁹, F. Paciolla ^35,y, A. Padee ⁴², K. O. Padeken ¹⁸, B. Pagare ⁴⁷, T. Pajero ⁴⁹, A. Palano ²⁴, M. 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Saavedra-Arias ⁹, J. J. Saborido Silva ⁴⁷, R. Sadek ¹⁵, N. Sagidova ⁴⁴, D. Sahoo ⁷⁸, N. Sahoo ⁵⁴, B. Saitta ^32,o, M. Salomoni ^31,49,c, I. Sanderswood ⁴⁸, R. Santacesaria ³⁶, C. Santamarina Rios ⁴⁷, M. Santimaria ²⁸, L. Santoro ², E. Santovetti ³⁷, A. Saputi ^26,49, D. Saranin ⁴⁴, A. Sarnatskiy ⁸⁰, G. Sarpis ⁵⁹, M. Sarpis ⁷⁹, A. Satta³⁷, C. Satriano ^36,z, M. Saur ⁷³, D. Savrina ⁴⁴, H. Sazak ¹⁷, F. Sborzacchi ^49,28, A. Scarabotto ¹⁹, S. Schael ¹⁷, S. Scherl ⁶¹, M. Schiller ²², H. Schindler ⁴⁹, M. Schmelling ²¹, B. Schmidt ⁴⁹, S. Schmitt ¹⁷, H. Schmitz¹⁸, O. Schneider ⁵⁰, A. Schopper ⁶², N. Schulte ¹⁹, M. H. Schune ¹⁴, G. Schwering ¹⁷, B. Sciascia ²⁸, A. Sciuccati ⁴⁹, I. Segal ⁷⁷, S. Sellam ⁴⁷, A. Semennikov ⁴⁴, T. Senger ⁵¹, M. Senghi Soares ³⁹, A. Sergi ^29,k, N. Serra ⁵¹, L. Sestini ²⁷, A. Seuthe ¹⁹, B. Sevilla Sanjuan ⁴⁶, Y. Shang ⁶, D. M. Shangase ⁸⁶, M. Shapkin ⁴⁴, R. S. Sharma ⁶⁹, I. Shchemerov ⁴⁴, L. Shchutska ⁵⁰, T. Shears ⁶¹, L. Shekhtman ⁴⁴, Z. Shen ³⁸, S. Sheng ^5,7, V. Shevchenko ⁴⁴, B. Shi ⁷, Q. Shi ⁷, W. S. Shi ⁷², Y. Shimizu ¹⁴, E. Shmanin ²⁵, R. Shorkin ⁴⁴, J. D. Shupperd ⁶⁹, R. Silva Coutinho ⁶⁹, G. Simi ^33,g, S. Simone ^24,q, M. Singha ⁷⁸, N. Skidmore ⁵⁷, T. Skwarnicki ⁶⁹, M. W. Slater ⁵⁴, E. Smith ⁶⁵, K. Smith ⁶⁸, M. Smith ⁶², L. Soares Lavra ⁵⁹, M. D. Sokoloff ⁶⁶, F. J. P. Soler ⁶⁰, A. Solomin ⁵⁵, A. Solovev ⁴⁴, N. S. Sommerfeld ¹⁸, R. Song ¹, Y. Song ⁵⁰, Y. Song ^4,m, Y. S. Song ⁶, F. L. Souza De Almeida ⁶⁹, B. Souza De Paula ³, E. Spadaro Norella ^29,k, E. Spedicato ²⁵, J. G. Speer ¹⁹, E. Spiridenkov⁴⁴, P. Spradlin ⁶⁰, V. Sriskaran ⁴⁹, F. Stagni ⁴⁹, M. Stahl ⁷⁷, S. Stahl ⁴⁹, S. Stanislaus ⁶⁴, M. Stefaniak ⁸⁷, E. N. Stein ⁴⁹, O. Steinkamp ⁵¹, H. Stevens ¹⁹, D. Strekalina ⁴⁴, Y. Su ⁷, F. Suljik ⁶⁴, J. Sun ³², L. Sun ⁷⁴, D. Sundfeld ², W. Sutcliffe ⁵¹, K. Swientek ⁴⁰, F. Swystun ⁵⁶, A. Szabelski ⁴², T. Szumlak ⁴⁰, Y. Tan ^4,m, Y. Tang ⁷⁴, Y. T. Tang ⁷, M. D. Tat ²², A. Terentev ⁴⁴, F. Terzuoli ^35,y, F. Teubert ⁴⁹, E. Thomas ⁴⁹, D. J. D. Thompson ⁵⁴, A. R. Thomson-Strong ⁵⁹, H. Tilquin ⁶², V. Tisserand ¹¹, S. T’Jampens ¹⁰, M. Tobin ⁵, L. Tomassetti ^26,h, G. Tonani ³⁰, X. Tong ⁶, T. Tork ³⁰, D. Torres Machado ², L. Toscano ¹⁹, D. Y. Tou ^4,m, C. Trippl ⁴⁶, G. Tuci ²², N. Tuning ³⁸, L. H. Uecker ²², A. Ukleja ⁴⁰, D. J. Unverzagt ²², A. Upadhyay ⁴⁹, B. Urbach ⁵⁹, A. Usachov ³⁹, A. Ustyuzhanin ⁴⁴, U. Uwer ²², V. Vagnoni ²⁵, V. Valcarce Cadenas ⁴⁷, G. Valenti ²⁵, N. Valls Canudas ⁴⁹, J. van Eldik ⁴⁹, H. Van Hecke ⁶⁸, E. van Herwijnen ⁶², C. B. Van Hulse ^47,aa, R. Van Laak ⁵⁰, M. van Veghel ³⁸, G. Vasquez ⁵¹, R. Vazquez Gomez ⁴⁵, P. Vazquez Regueiro ⁴⁷, C. Vázquez Sierra ⁸³, S. Vecchi ²⁶, J. J. Velthuis ⁵⁵, M. Veltri ^27,bb, A. Venkateswaran ⁵⁰, M. Verdoglia ³², M. Vesterinen ⁵⁷, W. Vetens ⁶⁹, D. Vico Benet ⁶⁴, P. Vidrier Villalba ⁴⁵, M. Vieites Diaz ⁴⁷, X. Vilasis-Cardona ⁴⁶, E. Vilella Figueras ⁶¹, A. Villa ²⁵, P. Vincent ¹⁶, B. Vivacqua ³, F. C. Volle ⁵⁴, D. vom Bruch ¹³, N. Voropaev ⁴⁴, K. Vos ⁸¹, C. Vrahas ⁵⁹, J. Wagner ¹⁹, J. Walsh ³⁵, E. J. Walton ^1,57, G. Wan ⁶, A. Wang ⁷, B. Wang ⁵, C. Wang ²², G. Wang ⁸, H. Wang ⁷³, J. Wang ⁶, J. Wang ⁵, J. Wang ^4,m, J. Wang ⁷⁴, M. Wang ⁴⁹, N. W. Wang ⁷, R. Wang ⁵⁵, X. Wang ⁸, X. Wang ⁷², X. W. Wang ⁶², Y. Wang ⁷⁵, Y. Wang ⁶, Y. W. Wang ⁷³, Z. Wang ¹⁴, Z. Wang ^4,m, Z. Wang ³⁰, J. A. Ward ^57,1, M. Waterlaat ⁴⁹, N. K. Watson ⁵⁴, D. Websdale ⁶², Y. Wei ⁶, J. Wendel ⁸³, B. D. C. Westhenry ⁵⁵, C. White ⁵⁶, M. Whitehead ⁶⁰, E. Whiter ⁵⁴, A. R. Wiederhold ⁶³, D. Wiedner ¹⁹, G. Wilkinson ^64,49, M. K. Wilkinson ⁶⁶, M. Williams ⁶⁵, M. J. Williams ⁴⁹, M. R. J. Williams ⁵⁹, R. Williams ⁵⁶, Z. Williams ⁵⁵, F. F. Wilson ⁵⁸, M. Winn ¹², W. Wislicki ⁴², M. Witek ⁴¹, L. Witola ¹⁹, T. W. Wolf ²², G. Wormser ¹⁴, S. A. Wotton ⁵⁶, H. Wu ⁶⁹, J. Wu ⁸, X. Wu ⁷⁴, Y. Wu ^6,56, Z. Wu ⁷, K. Wyllie ⁴⁹, S. Xian ⁷², Z. Xiang ⁵, Y. Xie ⁸, T. X. Xing ³⁰, A. Xu ^35,v, L. Xu ^4,m, L. Xu ^4,m, M. Xu ⁴⁹, Z. Xu ⁴⁹, Z. Xu ⁷, Z. Xu ⁵, K. Yang ⁶², X. Yang ⁶, Y. Yang ²⁹, Z. Yang ⁶, V. Yeroshenko ¹⁴, H. Yeung ⁶³, H. Yin ⁸, X. Yin ⁷, C. Y. Yu ⁶, J. Yu ⁷¹, X. Yuan ⁵, Y Yuan^5,7, E. Zaffaroni ⁵⁰, M. Zavertyaev ²¹, M. Zdybal ⁴¹, F. Zenesini ²⁵, C. Zeng ^5,7, M. Zeng ^4,m, C. Zhang ⁶, D. Zhang ⁸, J. Zhang ⁷, L. Zhang ^4,m, R. Zhang ⁸, S. Zhang ⁷¹, S. Zhang ⁶⁴, Y. Zhang ⁶, Y. Z. Zhang ^4,m, Z. Zhang ^4,m, Y. Zhao ²², A. Zhelezov ²², S. Z. Zheng ⁶, X. Z. Zheng ^4,m, Y. Zheng ⁷, T. Zhou ⁶, X. Zhou ⁸, Y. Zhou ⁷, V. Zhovkovska ⁵⁷, L. Z. Zhu ⁷, X. Zhu ^4,m, X. Zhu ⁸, Y. Zhu ¹⁷, V. Zhukov ¹⁷, J. Zhuo ⁴⁸, Q. Zou ^5,7, D. Zuliani ^33,g, and G. Zunica ⁵⁰ (LHCb Collaboration)

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
²Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
³Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁴Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
⁵Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
⁶School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
⁷University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
⁸Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
⁹Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE), San Jose, Costa Rica
¹⁰Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3-LAPP, Annecy, France
¹¹Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
¹²Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Saclay, France, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
¹³Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
¹⁴Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
¹⁵Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
¹⁶LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
¹⁷I. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
¹⁸Universität Bonn—Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Bonn, Germany
¹⁹Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
²⁰Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
²¹Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
²²Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
²³School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
²⁴INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
²⁵INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
²⁶INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
²⁷INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
²⁸INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
²⁹INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
³⁰INFN Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
³¹INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
³²INFN Sezione di Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
³³INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
³⁴INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
³⁵INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
³⁶INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
³⁷INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
³⁸Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
³⁹Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
⁴⁰AGH—University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
⁴¹Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
⁴²National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
⁴³Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
⁴⁴Authors affiliated with an institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
⁴⁵ICCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁶La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁷Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
⁴⁸Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia—CSIC, Valencia, Spain
⁴⁹European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
⁵⁰Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
⁵¹Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
⁵²NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
⁵³Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
⁵⁴School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
⁵⁵H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
⁵⁶Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
⁵⁷Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
⁵⁸STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
⁵⁹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
⁶⁰School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
⁶¹Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
⁶²Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
⁶³Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
⁶⁴Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⁶⁵Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
⁶⁶University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
⁶⁷University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
⁶⁸Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
⁶⁹Syracuse University, Syracuse, NewYork, USA
⁷⁰Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
⁷¹School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha City, China (associated with Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
⁷²Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China (associated with Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁷³Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China (associated with Institute Of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China)
⁷⁴School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China (associated with Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
⁷⁵Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China (associated with Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China)
⁷⁶Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
⁷⁷Ruhr Universitaet Bochum, Fakultaet f. Physik und Astronomie, Bochum, Germany (associated with Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany)
⁷⁸Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary (associated with European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland)
⁷⁹Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania (associated with Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany)
⁸⁰Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
⁸¹Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (associated with Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands)
⁸²Tadeusz Kosciuszko Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland (associated with Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland)
⁸³Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain (associated with La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain)
⁸⁴Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (associated with School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom)
⁸⁵Taras Schevchenko University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine (associated with Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France)
⁸⁶University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (associated with Syracuse University, Syracuse, NewYork, USA)
⁸⁷Ohio State University, Columbus, USA (associated with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA)

^*Full author list given at the end of the article.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Dortmund, Germany.
^cAlso at Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.
^dAlso at Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
^eAlso at Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
^fAlso at Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.
^gAlso at Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
^hAlso at Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
ⁱAlso at Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Madrid, Spain.
^jAlso at Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
^kAlso at Università di Genova, Genova, Italy.
^lAlso at Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
^mAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
ⁿAlso at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
^oAlso at Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
^pAlso at Centro Federal de Educacão Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
^qAlso at Università di Bari, Bari, Italy.
^rAlso at Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
^sAlso at LIP6, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
^tAlso at Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
^uAlso at Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China.
^vAlso at Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
^wAlso at Università di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
^xAlso at Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología (UTEC), Lima, Peru.
^yAlso at Università di Siena, Siena, Italy.
^zAlso at Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.
^aaAlso at Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
^bbAlso at Università di Urbino, Urbino, Italy.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 072015 – Published 30 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r16d-b4my

Abstract

The substructure of jets in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) has garnered significant attention with the advent of infrared- and collinear-safe clustering algorithms and observables. A key question emerging from these studies is how in-jet emissions at soft and hard energy scales, across collinear and wide angles relative to the emitter, differ with the mass of the emitting parton. The Lund jet plane (LJP) is a perturbatively well-defined substructure observable that maps the radiation pattern of jets onto a plane, visually distinguishing emissions with different kinematic properties. Comparing LJP for jets containing hadrons of low versus high mass enables the testing of QCD splitting functions from first-principles calculations across both soft and hard regimes and at different radiation angles. This article presents the first measurement of the LJP for light-quark-enriched and beauty-initiated jets at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at LHCb. This marks the first direct observation of the dead-cone effect in beauty-quark jets, measured in the collinear region of the LJP.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 072015– Published 30 October, 2025

Vol. 112, Iss. 7 — 1 October 2025

Received 25 June 2025
Accepted 3 September 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r16d-b4my

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Measurement of the Lund plane for light- and beauty-quark jets

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