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Chimera baryons and mesons on the lattice: A spectral density analysis

Ed Bennett1,2,a, Luigi Del Debbio3,b, Niccolò Forzano4,2,c, Ryan C. Hill5,d, Deog Ki Hong6,7,e, Ho Hsiao8,9,f, Jong-Wan Lee10,g, C.-J. David Lin9,11,h, Biagio Lucini1,12,13,i et al. (TELOS Collaboration)

Biagio Lucini1,12,13,i, Alessandro Lupo14,j, Maurizio Piai4,2,k, Davide Vadacchino15,l, and Fabian Zierler4,2,m (TELOS Collaboration)

  • aContact author: E.J.Bennett@swansea.ac.uk
  • bContact author: luigi.del.debbio@ed.ac.uk
  • cContact author: 2227764@swansea.ac.uk
  • dContact author: ryan.hill@ed.ac.uk
  • eContact author: dkhong@pusan.ac.kr
  • fContact author: hohsiao@ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp
  • gContact author: j.w.lee@ibs.re.kr
  • hContact author: dlin@nycu.edu.tw
  • iContact author: b.lucini@qmul.ac.uk
  • jContact author: alessandro.lupo@cpt.univ-mrs.fr
  • kContact author: m.piai@swansea.ac.uk
  • lContact author: davide.vadacchino@plymouth.ac.uk
  • mContact author: fabian.zierler@swansea.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074515 – Published 30 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/qkqx-xxb2

Abstract

We develop and test a spectral-density analysis method, based on the introduction of smeared energy kernels, to extract physical information from two-point correlation functions computed numerically in lattice field theory. We apply it to a Sp(4) gauge theory with fermion matter fields transforming in distinct representations, with Nf=2 Dirac fermions in the fundamental and Nas=3 in the 2-index antisymmetric representation. The corresponding continuum theory provides the minimal candidate model for a composite Higgs boson with partial top compositeness. We consider a broad class of composite operators, that source flavored mesons and (chimera) baryons, for several finite choices of lattice bare parameters. For the chimera baryons, which include candidate top-quark partners, we provide the first measurements, obtained with dynamical fermions, of the ground state and the lowest excited state masses, in all channels of spin, isospin, and parity. We also measure matrix elements and overlap factors, that are important to realize viable models of partial top compositeness, by implementing an innovative way of extracting this information from the spectral densities. For the mesons, among which the pseudoscalars can be reinterpreted to provide an extension of the Higgs sector of the Standard Model of particle physics, our measurements of the renormalized matrix elements and decay constants are new results. We complement them with an update of existing measurements of the meson masses, obtained with higher statistics and improved analysis. The analysis software is made publicly available, and can be used in other lattice studies, including application to quantum chromodynamics.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074515– Published 30 October, 2025
  • Received 4 July 2025
  • Accepted 10 October 2025
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