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Model-independent probes of $C P$ violation in the heavy scalar sector at muon colliders

Qianxi Li ^*, Ying-nan Mao ^†, and Kechen Wang ^‡

Department of Physics, School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

^*Contact author: qianxi_li@whut.edu.cn
^†Contact author: ynmao@whut.edu.cn
^‡Contact author: kechen.wang@whut.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 113, 075042 – Published 30 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q5fk-bfm1

Abstract

We propose a model-independent test of $C P$ violation in the scalar sector. We consider a heavy neutral scalar $h_{2}$ with tree-level couplings at the $h_{2} V V$ and $h_{2} h_{1} Z$ vertices (with $V = W^{\pm}, Z$ ), alongside the 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson $h_{1}$ . At future muon colliders, we exploit vector-boson fusion production of $h_{2}$ followed by the decay $h_{2} \to Z h_{1}$ . In our framework, observing the single process $V V \to h_{2} \to Z h_{1}$ implies both relevant couplings are nonzero, which is sufficient to establish $C P$ violation in the scalar sector. We simulate signal and backgrounds at $\sqrt{s} = 3 (10) TeV$ with integrated luminosity $L = 0.9 (10) {ab}^{- 1}$ . We then present the expected discovery sensitivities across the ( $c_{2}$ and $c_{12}$ ) parameter space (with the coupling parameters $c_{2}$ and $c_{12}$ defined in the text) for multiple $m_{h_{2}}$ hypotheses.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 075042– Published 30 April, 2026

Vol. 113, Iss. 7 — 1 April 2026

Received 2 December 2025
Accepted 12 March 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/q5fk-bfm1

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Model-independent probes of $C P$ violation in the heavy scalar sector at muon colliders

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Model-independent probes of CP violation in the heavy scalar sector at muon colliders

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Model-independent probes of $C P$ violation in the heavy scalar sector at muon colliders