Updated hadron list for transport simulations of heavy-ion collisions
Phys. Rev. D 114, 074019 – Published 9 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/plq2-h7wn
Abstract
Hadronic transport approaches used in heavy-ion collision simulations rely on a consistent and accurate hadron list with decay channels. Hadron lists in common use are often experimentally outdated, or, as with the Particle Data Group (PDG) compilations, incompatible with transport codes without further adaptation. We construct , an updated hadron list including all states from the 2021 Particle Data Booklet, together with a binary-decay list designed for direct use in the SMASH transport framework. Using the hadron resonance gas model, we validate the list against lattice quantum chromodynamics results and experimental yield data. We show that employing -body decay chains as a proxy for the full decay processes has a suppressing effect in the low- region of the pion spectrum and introduces a systematic uncertainty in the pion . Moreover, the inclusion of additional states in further shifts the pion . These result establish as a robust, transport-ready hadron list and quantify the systematic effects of decay modeling on key heavy-ion observables.