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    Detection of multiband lensed gravitational waves from dark matter halos with deep learning

    Mengfei Sun1,2, Jie Wu1,2, Qianning Hu1,2, Jin Li1,2,3,*, Nan Yang2,4, Xianghe Ma1,2, Borui Wang5, Minghui Zhang6, and Yuanhong Zhong7,†

    • *Contact author: cqujinli1983@cqu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zhongyh@cqu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 103004 – Published 4 May, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p8jc-kgp2

    Abstract

    Lensed gravitational waves acquire amplitude and phase modulations when propagating through the gravitational potential of dark matter halos, producing interference structures in the observed waveform. However, these features are often difficult to identify in detector noise. In this work, we develop a deep learning framework for the automatic classification of lensed gravitational-wave signals under multiband observations. We simulate binary neutron star signals observed by the space-based detector DECIGO and the ground-based Einstein Telescope and construct five classes of data including pure noise, unlensed signals, and three lensed cases generated by the singular isothermal sphere, cored isothermal sphere, and Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter halo models. By comparing single- and joint-detector configurations, we evaluate the classification performance under different observational settings. The results show that multiband observations significantly improve the identification of lensed signals and reduce confusion among different lens models. This approach provides an efficient method for automated recognition of lensed gravitational waves in future multiband gravitational-wave observations.

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